应县木塔是我国现存唯一之辽代木楼阁式塔，亦是中国建筑史上至关重要的早期建筑案例；其大木尺度设计问题历来广受学界重视，然尚未有较一致认识。本论文以应县木塔大木作尺度设计为研究对象，对其木构设计的控制性尺度进行分析解读，是针对其大木作设计技术及其背后的设计逻辑所开展的实证与复原专题研究。研究目的在于在一套全面、准确的数据基础上厘清应县木塔营造用尺、用材制度等基础尺度问题，并进一步加深对于应县木塔大木作几何设计与斗栱设计制度的认识。本论文对关于应县木塔大木作设计的既有研究和实测进行了系统梳理，针对其存疑与可补之处，确立了以“表”、“里”两方面对应县木塔木构开展数据采集的总体策略，注重尺度与构造现象之互证；在数据分析与复原研究中，本研究建立起“实测数据采集-原构形制解析-大木尺度分析与复原”的方法体系，并支撑本论文关于尺度设计中“营造尺与材分制度”、“几何设计”、“斗栱设计”三个层级的复原探讨。针对外部数据，本研究以三维激光扫描技术为主，针对不同数据类型以“单站-两站-总体”的方案开展数据采集与处理，获取了应县木塔各层木构较为全面的外部尺寸数据，确保数据精度、全面度和可追溯性。针对内部构造信息，本研究主要采用木构榫卯调查的方式；并以五层为试点对计算机X射线成像技术（CR）在内部构造数据获取上的有效性进行了验证，形成了“数据采集-影像处理-形制尺度复原-构造校验”的方法。总体上，本研究以外部数据为主，内部数据为辅，以尺度数据与构造互证共同作为尺度复原之依据。建立在一套完整的三维激光扫描点云和尺寸数据库基础上，本论文提出关于应县木塔大木尺度设计之假说，包括：营造用尺长、材分°制度等基础度量尺度；八边形平面尺度设计与递变规律；断面、立面几何设计尺度；以及各层斗栱设计尺度与法式制度等。以上共同构成对应县木塔大木尺度设计之“理想模型”，以期实现对木塔设计匠心的揭示。
The Sakyamuni Pagoda (Yingxian Wooden Pagoda) of Fogong Temple in Ying County is the only existing wooden pagoda of the Liao Dynasty in China, and also a crucial early architectural case in the history of Chinese architecture. Though much attention has been paid to the issue of the dimensional design of its greater carpentry, the related questions are not thoroughly considered and widely recognized. Taking the pagoda’s dimensional design of greater carpentry as the research object, this empirical study elucidates the design logic behind the construction techniques by analyzing and interpreting the leading dimensions. The aim of the study is to clarify the basic issues of constructing the pagoda’s timber structure, such as the construction ruler and modular (caifen) system, on the basis of a comprehensive and accurate set of measured data, and to further the understanding of its design of geometry and bracket sets (dougong). After systematically reviewing the existing measurements and studies on the Skyamuni Pagoda, this dissertation establishes a general strategy to collect data on the timber structure in terms of both ‘exterior‘ and ‘interior‘ aspects, which emphasizes the mutual certification of the measurements and tectonics. In the section of data analysis and restoration study, a systematic methodology of ‘measured data collection- judgement of original design - restoration of the dimensions‘ has been established, which supports the three levels of the restoration study- ‘construction ruler and modular (caifen) system‘, ‘geometric design‘, and ‘bracket sets (dougong) design‘.For the exterior aspect, this study develops a ‘single station-double stations-general‘ scheme to collect and process the different types of data by applying 3D laser scanning technology, which contributes to forming a more comprehensive set of dimensional databases, ensuring the accuracy, comprehensiveness, and traceability. For the internal aspect, this study mainly adopts the method of surveying timber tenons and mortises. In addition, using the fifth floor as a pilot sample, it verifies the effectiveness of computed radiography (CR) technology in acquiring interior data of timber structures, which builds a ‘data acquisition-image processing–dimension restoration-tectonic verification‘ method. In general, the study mainly uses exterior data, supplemented by interior data, as the basis for the restoration study.Based on a comprehensive set of 3D laser scanning point clouds and a dimensional database, this dissertation proposes a hypothesis on the dimensions design of the Sakyamuni Pagoda, including the basic metrics such as the length of the construction ruler and the modular(caifen) system; the dimensional design of the octagonal plan and the law of variation; the geometric design of the section and fa?ade; and the design system of bracket sets. Together, these form the ‘ideal model‘ for the original dimensional design of the greater carpentry of the Sakyamuni Pagoda, with the aim of revealing the craftsmanship motif of its construction.
