我国宋代是文化艺术高度发展的时代，在景观营造领域，宋代也取得了令人瞩目的成就。纵览目前已有研究，关于宋代景观营造案例的建筑学研究还比较少，而且主要集中在对李格非《洛阳名园记》所记载的园林的研究，其范围的局限并不足以描述宋代景观营造所取得的辉煌成果。基于以上考量，本研究从《全宋文》中选出24篇宋文案例素材，对其进行深入分析，以期增加对宋代景观理论和营造实践的认识。所选案例的景观类型丰富，大部分案例并非传统意义上的园林。其中有19个案例是首次进入到建筑学研究的视野。“收拾景象”一词出自宋代王十朋的《绿画轩记》。本研究认为这是与景观营造相关的概念，比较准确地概括出研究所涉猎宋代景观实践的理念主题和手法特点，本文以此作为案例研究的总的建筑学视角。研究从所选24个案例中进一步提炼出景象收拾的三种方法：呈前、颖出和化生。“呈前”是指在优越的环境中，用简洁的人工建造，便使远近景象纷至沓来地呈现于建筑面前。“颖出”是指一些看上去庸常甚至脏乱暗昧的地方或有潜在的优势可发掘，以精炼的人为处理就将其地的独特之处显露发扬，成就很好的景观。“化生”是指完全依靠从无到有的规划建造，创造出新的景观优势。论文主体内容由两部分构成。第一部分是案例研究。论文对24个案例的深入研究分呈前、颖出、化生三个章节展开。针对每个案例的研究皆分四步进行：记文研读；环境条件、收拾方式与景象效果的提取与重构；形式-效果分析；并对案例要点和营造启示进行归纳总结。通过案例研究，初步掌握了宋代案例简洁的营造与丰富的效果之间的因果关系及其营造特点，并进一步分别归纳出各景象收拾方法下具体而丰富的收拾方式。第二部分是综合分析。在景观思想层面，通过对各造景者的背景考察，归纳出宋代景象收拾的目标；根据作者在记文中的论述，提出了一系列景观思想，这是在关于宋代总体文化思想的研究中所不容易看到的宋人更深细具体的认识。在景象收拾方法层面，从景观环境选址、特殊环境条件、建筑营造以及建筑近处环境营造这四个方面进行总结，并梳理各类景观素材的应用模式。本文进一步扩充了宋代景观营造的案例，对案例的研究采用了新的方法；初步探索了宋代景观营造的新的视角与方法，以及宋人的景观思想，希望为当下建筑景观设计提供一些借鉴与思考。
As a period of high development of Chinese culture and art, Song Dynasty also made remarkable achievements in the field of landscape construction. At present, there are few architectural studies about landscape construction in Song Dynasty, and these studies mainly focus on the research of gardens in Luo Yang Ming Yuan Ji written by Li Gefei, whose studies are too limited to describe the brilliant achievements of landscape construction in Song Dynasty. Based on the above, this study selects 24 literary works from Quan Song Wen to make an in-depth analysis to increase the understanding of the landscape construction theory and practice in Song Dynasty. The selected cases, a number of which are not traditional gardens, are abundant in types. Among these, 19 cases are studied from the perspective of architecture firstly.The phrase, “Scene capturing”, extracted from Lv Hua Xuan Ji written by Wang Shipeng in Song Dynasty, is regarded as a concept related to landscape construction. This phrase, summarizing the theme and characteristics of landscape construction studied in Song Dynasty, is taken as the general architectural perspective of the case study.Three methods, namely presentation, detection and creation, are extracted from 24 cases. “Presentation” means that simple artificial constructions are built in an advantageous environment, in order that the scenes from far and near are presented in front of these constructions. “Detection” means that a place, being plain or even dirty, revealed its potential advantages and promoted to achieve a better landscape by refined artificial intervention. “Creation” means that advantageous landscapes are created by planning and construction from scratch.The paper consists of two parts. The first part is case study. The in-depth study of 24 cases is divided into three chapters: presentation, detection and creation. Each case is studied by four steps: intensive reading; environmental conductions, extraction and reconstruction of scene capturing mode and scene effect; the analysis of appearance and effect; summary of case points and construction enlightenments. According to case study, the causal relationship and construction characteristics between the simple construction and the rich effect are recognized. Then the concrete and rich scene capturing modes are extracted. The second part is comprehensive analysis. In the aspect of landscape thought, through the investigation of the background of each landscape builder, the goal of scene capturing of Song Dynasty is summed up; According to the discussion of Literary works of Song Dynasty, the paper puts forward a series of landscape thoughts, which is a deeper and detailed understanding that is not easy to see in the study of the overall cultural thoughts of Song Dynasty. In the aspect of scene capturing method, the paper summarizes landscape environment siting, special environmental conditions, building construction and landscape construction around the building. Then applied patterns of various landscape materials are sorted out. This paper further expands the cases of landscape construction in Song Dynasty, and adopts a new method to study the case, and explores a new perspective and methods of landscape construction, as well as the landscape thought of Song Dynasty people, hoping to provide some references and reflections for the current architectural landscape design.
