李庄古镇是川南典型的长江码头集镇，见证了从传统农耕社会到现代文明的历史变迁，其发展建立在广袤的自然乡村地域。然而，在快速的现代化进程中，古镇面临历史文脉消隐、文旅项目拼贴入驻、城乡社会流动、新旧形态割裂等问题，现有规划多从宏观定位和现状评估入手，带有快速城镇化的思维惯性，缺乏演进规律的认知和城市设计的统筹，难以指导保护更新。新时期城乡历史文化保护传承体系对更新实践提出了更高要求，需要构建整体性的认知与操作方法。这些问题和西方形态类型学的关注议题具有一致性，该理论方法强调从过程的视角解析城镇物质空间演进与层级构成，用图解的方式揭示形态规律，并探寻与之适配、面向未来的形态出路，在学理上能够为历史古镇的保护更新提供价值指引和工具方法。目前，该方法在城乡交织的本土复杂地段应用相对较少，从形态认知到操作的设计转化过程也缺少细化研究。本文从现实问题出发，产学研交互推进，结合李庄古镇的特征性搭建形态类型学方法的本土性框架，解读古镇的整体城乡形态意义，并将分析成果转化为面向保护更新实践的设计引导与规划管控，提供发展建设指引。研究主体部分为李庄古镇的阅读、诠释与复写，展示从形态认知到形态操作的一套完整连贯过程。在阅读环节中，“道路-地块-建筑”的多尺度层级系统对应识别了古镇的城乡区域、城镇肌理和空间场所，对形态生成具有不同的塑造意义与作用力强弱，在与自然景观、城乡社会的关联互动中蕴含了稳定的形态生成逻辑。诠释环节中，将前述三个层级和多要素进行整合，得出标记历史层叠关系的形态区域，发现边缘带这一特殊区域记录了现代化进程的痕迹，层级关系更为松散、社会构成复杂、多工厂分布，是如今古镇、旧镇与新区之间的文脉断裂带，也是更新改造机遇较大、重塑发展整体性的重要地段。复写环节中，以形态生成逻辑的不变和内在动力机制的转变作为原则，分别对应设计结构和发展模式。按照更新改造动作的强弱，边缘带可作为空间弥合与城乡融合的发展手段，层级系统可作为方案设计和空间修补的操作语言，以此构建分类分级策略深度引导更新开发。进一步对形态区域作为保护更新管理单元、理想式的现代化图景展开思考。
Lizhuang Ancient Town is a typical wharf market town in southern Sichuan, witnessing the historical changes from traditional agricultural society to modern civilization, and its development is established in the vast natural rural areas. However, in the rapid process of modernization, the ancient town is faced with many problems. The existing planning mostly lacks the cognition of the evolution and the coordination of urban design, which is difficult to guide the conservation and regeneration. It is necessary to build a holistic cognitive and operational approach. These issues are consistent with the concerns of western typo-morphology. In theory, it can provide valuable guidance and tools for the regeneration of historical towns. At present, this method is relatively less applied in complex local areas where urban and rural areas are intertwined, and there is a lack of detailed research on the design transformation process from morphological cognition to operation.This article starts from practical problems, combines the characteristics of Lizhuang Ancient Town to build a local framework of morphological methods. It interprets the overall urban and rural morphological significance, and transforms the analysis results into design guidance and regulation for practices, providing development and construction guidance.The main part of this article is the reading, decoding, and rewriting. In the reading session, diachronically analyze the morphological evolution of the road level, plot level, and building level, focusing on the stable and sudden changes in the modernization process. In the decoding session, the three levels and multi-levels are integrated for synchronicity analysis, to obtain the plan unit and morphological region. In the rewriting session, focus on change and invariance, show the design response at each levels, and enrich the design operation value of the fringe belt. Further transform the morphological unit into a regeneration unit to provide support for planning implementation.
