人类历史中爆发过多次严峻的传染病，通过核酸检测快速、精准地发现病毒感染者或携带者并进行隔离是遏制病毒传播的有效手段。然而传统的核酸检测方式依赖于复杂的机器以及专业检测人员，无法实现大范围、高通量的快速检测。微流控技术融合多个领域，包括电动、声学、光学、磁学和力学等，发展快速，并结合多个技术领域优势，体现出了集成度高、消耗量少、使用便携等多个维度的优点。因而，基于微流控原理的生物检测技术具有巨大潜力。针对高通量核酸检测需求，本文基于微流控技术提出并设计了一款离心式的集核酸纯化、扩增和检测为一体的检测芯片。首先，搭建了调速准确的离心平台，设计了适合芯片装配在电机轴上的卡具，并根据离心式系统的特点选择聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）为芯片基质材料，选用 10 μm 超薄光学薄膜胶粘作为芯片的键合工艺。然后，设计了周向毛细阀结构，并对流体气体两相进行仿真验证其性能，后构建物理模型并完成实验验证。结果表明，该阀的临界转速与宽度及距圆心距离呈负相关，后续将该阀应用在离心芯片的整体设计中。之后，使用人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）39 分型与 45 分型评估芯片的检测性能，结果表明检测体系具有100%特异性，较好的稳定性（重复实验 CV<5%）与一定的灵敏度。最后，使用携带 HPV18 分型的海拉细胞（Hela）在芯片上完整实现核酸纯化、环介导等温扩增技术（LAMP）扩增以及荧光检测，结果表明该检测体系的准确性为 91.7%。2020 年全球新冠疫情爆发后的持续大规模感染对居家和便携式芯片检测提出了要求。针对上述检测芯片由于依赖离心机和荧光检测设备而便携性差的缺点，本文进一步设计了一种拉伸式便携微流控芯片。根据材料的机械性能，选用聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）主剂与固化剂配比为 20:1，并提出了一种亲水改性方法，即先使用等离子体清洗 PDMS 表面，后用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶液（PVP）涂敷表面，使芯片改性处理后 6 天内仍保持亲水。针对芯片的形变阀结构进行了性能分析和爆破压力测量，证明该阀可随着形变的增加开启。根据弹簧泵的泵送性能优化弹簧泵参数，最终泵选用的深宽比为2:1。最后，在芯片上使用比色可视化LAMP方法实现了新型冠状病毒（COVID-19）的检测，并通过比较多次结果的 RGB 值，证明了该体系的稳定性。该芯片具有更为便捷易用的特征，适于居家检测。

There have been many serious infectious diseases in human history. Rapid and accurate detection and isolation of infected people through nucleic acid testing is an effective means of containing the spread of this virus. However, traditional nucleic acid testing methods rely on complex machines and specialized testing person, which couldn’t achieve large scale, high throughput and rapid detection. Microfluidics has been developed over the years to integrate technologies from multiple fields, including electrokinetic, acoustic, optical, magnetic and mechanical. By virtue of different edges of these technologies, microfluidic chips have advantages of high detection throughput, multiple function integration, low reagent consumption, and portable use. Thus, bioassay technologies based on microfluidic principles have great potential.For the demand of high-throughput nucleic acid detection, a centrifugal-based and integrating nucleic acid purification, amplification and detection chip was designed in this paper. Firstly, a centrifugal platform with accurate speed regulation was built and a fixture suitable for chip assembly on the motor shaft was designed. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was selected as the chip substrate material according to the characteristics of the centrifugal system, and 10 μm ultra-thin optical film adhesive was chosen as the bonding process of the chip. Then, the circumferential capillary valve structure was proposed, and the performance was verified by simulating the fluid-gas two-phase, and then the physical model was constructed for experimental verification. The result showed that the critical speed of the valve was negatively correlated with the width and the distance from the center of the circle, and the valve was subsequently applied to the overall design of the centrifugal chip. The performance of the chip was evaluated using human papilloma virus (HPV) 39 and 45 typing, and the result showed that the detection system has 100% specificity, good stability (CV<5% for repeated experiments) and sensitivity. Finally, complete nucleic acid purification, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and fluorescence detection were achieved using Hela cells carrying HPV18 typing on the chip, and the result showed that the accuracy of the assay system was 91.7%.The continued mass infection following the global outbreak of the new crownoutbreak in 2020 proposed a demand on home and portable microchip testing. In response to the drawbacks of poor portability due to the dependence on centrifuges and fluorescence detection devices, a stretchable portable microfluidic chip was proposed. Firstly, according to the mechanical properties of the material, the ratio of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to curing agent was selected as 20:1, and a hydrophilic modification method was proposed. The surface of PDMS was cleaned with plasma firstly, and then the surface was coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone solution (PVP), which had a good timeliness and could remain hydrophilic six days after the modification treatment. Performance analysis and burst pressure measurement were performed for the deformation valve structure of the chip, which proved that the valve could open with the increase of deformation. The spring pump depth-to-width ratio was optimized according to the pumping performance of the spring pump, and the final pump was selected with a depth-to-width ratio of 2:1. Finally, the detection of the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was realized on the chip using the visualization LAMP method, and the stability of the system was demonstrated by comparing the RGB values of multiple results.The chip had more convenient and easy-to-use features, and it was suitable for home testing