核电项目难度大、参与建设的单位多、接口复杂、导致进度管理具有较大的挑战性。建成一台核电机组需要5年左右时间，其中调试工期约占1年左右，首次启动试验约3个月左右。若能对首次启动试验阶段工期进行优化，将对整个机组的进度控制起到积极作用，同时缩短建设工期可使机组提前商运，节约工程建设成本，产生巨大的经济和社会效益。本文以YJ核电工程为研究对象，对YJ核电工程的项目管理体系及项目进度管理体系、进度管理工具及方法等进行了深入分析。对YJ核电工程1-3号机组首次启动试验过程中，导致母本计划关键路径延误的事件进行闭环调查，并利用根本原因分析法对事件的根本原因进行分析，对分析所得的根本原因利用风险矩阵法进行风险值评估，并按照风险值大小进行排序。发现引起机组首次启动进度延误的主要因素有9类，按照其对进度的影响由大到小依次为设备缺陷、学生综合征、管理失效、逻辑关系不合理、人因失误、试验准备不充分、运行异常事件、接口延误及工作票管理不当。针对不同延误因数的风险程度和特征，制定了基于经验反馈的缺陷预判处理方法，搭车消缺和缺陷快速跟进法，母本计划关键路径逻辑优化方法，母本计划关键节点持续时间评估优化等一系列进度优化方法。同时创新性的提出负接口法、15分钟汇报制、次关键路径管理法、工作票全链条管理法等一系列首次启动试验进度过程控制优化方法。将优化方法应用到YJ核电工程4号机组的首次启动试验中，使得4号机首次启动试验期间影响关键路径的缺陷数由11项下降至5项；因为缺陷导致的关键路径延误由1-3号机平均每台机组298.8小时，降低至101.5小时；4号机首次启动试验工期较1-3号机至少缩短97小时；计划工期与实际工期高度一致，计划吻合度达到99%，明显优于1-3号机组。成功实现了更少的缺陷、更短的工期及更高的计划吻合度，明显提升了项目进度管理绩效。本文提出的系列进度优化方法具有一定的实践价值，可为后续同类型机组首次启动试验的进度管理提供借鉴。
Nuclear power projects are difficult, there are many companies involved in construction, and the interfaces are complex, which makes schedule management more challenging. It takes about 5 years to build a nuclear power unit, of which the commissioning period is about 1 year, and the first start-up test is about 3 months. If the construction period of the first start test stage can be optimized, it will play a positive role in the progress control of the entire unit, and at the same time, shortening the construction period can make the unit commercially transported in advance, save the cost of project construction, and produce huge economic and social benefits.Taking YJ nuclear power engineering as the research object, this paper makes an in-depth analysis of the project management system, project progress management system, schedule management tools and methods of YJ nuclear power engineering. In the process of the first start test of units 1-3 of YJ nuclear power project, the events that caused the delay of the critical path of the parent plan were investigated in a closed-loop manner, and the root cause analysis method was used to analyze the root cause of the incident, and the risk matrix method was used to evaluate the risk value of the root cause of the analysis, and the risk value was sorted according to the size of the risk value. It was found that there were 9 main factors that caused the delay of the first start of the unit, and according to their impact on the schedule, they were equipment defects, student syndrome, management failure, unreasonable logical relationship, human error, insufficient test preparation, abnormal operation events, interface delays and improper management of work tickets.In response to the degree and characteristics of different delays factor, the method of defect prediction treatment based on experience feedback is formulated, the ride -hailing and the rapid follow -up method of the shortcomings and defects, the method of logic optimization of the key path of the mother -oriented plan, and the key node of the mother-based plan to evaluate the duration of the duration of the mother-based plan. Optimize a series of progress optimization methods. At the same time, innovatively put forward the first-key path management method, work ticket full chain management method, etc. The first start test progress process control optimization method, and for the first time, the negative interface method, 15-minute report system, monitoring value and other operating stages are used After optimization or reinforcement.The optimization method was applied to the first start-up test of Unit 4 of YJ Nuclear Power Project, so that the number of defects affecting the critical path during the first start-up test of Unit 4 was reduced from 11 to 5. The delay of the critical path caused by defects has been reduced from an average of 298.8 hours per unit of No.1-3 to 101.5 hours; the first start test period of No. 4 machine is at least 97 hours shorter than that of No. 1-3; the planned construction period is highly consistent with the actual construction period, and the planned consistency reaches 99%, which is obviously better than that of No.1-3 units. Fewer defects, shorter schedules and higher schedule alignment were achieved, significantly improving project schedule management performance.The series of schedule optimization methods proposed in this paper have certain practical value, which can provide reference for the schedule management of the first start test of the same type of unit in the future.
