精细化工作为国家高端支柱产业，突破减污降碳协同挑战，对化工产业高质量发展意义重大。精细化工企业绝大部分已集中在园区，亟需解决好园区减污降碳面临的排放特征不明、末端治理负担过重、协同路径不清等难题。本论文选择典型精细化工园区开展全过程减污降碳协同技术路径研究，以支撑管理决策与应用实践。首先，定量揭示了案例园区2016—2020年多企业主体及多相介质间污染物和碳的发生、过程、效应等演化特征。园区已建成完善且精细的企业-园区两级污染治理系统，并持续推动全过程的污染防治。四年间，园区氨氮和四类大气污染物已实现绝对脱钩，化学需氧量和碳排放实现相对脱钩，整体呈现污染物总量减少和碳排放强度下降的协同态势。其次，结合企业层级的自下而上视角和生命周期思想，建立了园区两级治污系统的经济环境效益评价模型，揭示了案例园区2016和2020年的治污成本的组成、结构及生命周期减污降碳效益。发现园区全过程治污成本从13.10亿元增至22.57亿元，污染物削减7.37%~69.69%，末端治理边际效益显著下降。从全生命周期视角，治污系统降低了酸化和富营养化潜势，但增加了全球变暖潜势，淡水、人体和海洋水体生态毒性潜势和臭氧层消耗潜势，仅靠末端治理难以实现减污降碳协同。进而，面向化学品代谢调控分析了园区千余种化学品结构与共生链接特征，开发了化学品流动网络优化算法，以识别全过程减污降碳协同潜力，并重点剖析了园区支柱产业。计算得园区已形成的分散染料产业链网，从原料到产品全过程碳效率为25%~29%。基于化学品流动优化算法，识别出化学品共生关系最多可达218组，较现状增量91.00万吨，节省12.49亿元成本，提升生命周期效益0.62~11.87倍。最后，开发了园区多要素减污降碳协同增效模型，集成生产治污环节的减污降碳举措，设计出案例园区全过程减污降碳协同技术路径。应用结果表明，到2030年园区可实现经济增长200%，成本减少37.56亿元，碳排放强度和总磷排放强度持续下降，其他污染物排放总量达峰后下降，并抵消末端治污的全生命周期影响。论文建立的精细化工园区全生命周期污碳排放及时空演化特征分析方法、污碳协同的全过程经济环境效益评价模型、化学品流动网络优化算法、多要素集成的减污降碳协同增效优化模型、全过程减污降碳协同技术路径已在案例园区集成应用，对其他类似园区具有积极的借鉴意义。
As a national high-end pillar industry, the fine chemical industry plays a significant role in breaking through the challenges of reducing pollution and carbon emissions and promoting high-quality development of the chemical industry. Most of the fine chemical enterprises have been concentrated in chemical industrial parks (CIPs), and it is urgent for the CIPs to unveil emission characteristics, solve heavy end-of-pipe treatment burden, and explore synergistic reduction methods of pollution and carbon emission. This study selects a typical fine CIP to depict a comprehensive technology roadmap for whole-process synergetic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions research to support management decision-making and application practice.Firstly, the study quantitatively reveals the evolution characteristics, including occurrence, process, and effect, of pollution and carbon emissions among multiple subjects and multiphase media in the case park from 2016 to 2020. The park has built a perfect and sophisticated two-level waste treatment system for enterprises and the park itself and has been continuously promoting whole-process pollution prevention and control. During the period, the park has achieved absolute decoupling of ammonia nitrogen and four types of atmospheric pollutants, and relative decoupling of chemical oxygen demand and carbon emissions, showing a synergistic trend of reducing pollutant amount and carbon emission intensity.Secondly, combining the bottom-up perspective of the enterprise level and the idea of life cycle, the study establishes an economic and environmental benefit evaluation model for the two-level waste treatment system in the park, revealing the composition and structure of waste treatment cost, and life cycle pollution and carbon emission reduction benefits in the case park in 2016 and 2020. It is found that the whole-process waste treatment cost in the park has increased from 1.31 to 2.26 billion CNY, and the reduction rates of pollutants have ranged from 7.37% to 69.69%. Thus, the marginal benefits of end-of-pipe treatment have decreased significantly. From a life cycle perspective, the waste treatment system has reduced the acidification and eutrophication potential, but increased the global warming potential, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity potential, human toxicity potential, marine aquatic ecotoxicity potential, and ozone depletion potential. It is difficult to achieve synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emission solely through end-of-pipe treatment.Furthermore, aiming at the regulation and control of chemical metabolism, the study analyzes the structural and symbiotic characteristics of over a thousand chemical substances in the park and develops an optimization algorithm for the chemical flow network to identify the synergistic reduction potential of pollution and carbon emissions, focusing on the pillar industry in the park. The disperse dyestuff industrial chain network in the park has been formed, with a carbon efficiency of 25%-29% throughout the process from raw materials to products. The chemical flow optimization algorithm identified up to 218 pairs of chemical symbiotic relationships, which can add 0.91 million tonnes of symbiotic chemical products, save 1.25 billion CNY in costs and improve life cycle benefits by 0.62 to 11.87 times compared with the present situation.Finally, the study develops a multi-factor optimization model of pollution and carbon emission synergistic reduction for industrial parks, integrates pollution and carbon emission reduction measures in the production process and end-of-pipe treatment, and designs a comprehensive technology roadmap for the whole-process synergetic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions for the case park. The application results of the roadmap show that by 2030, the park can achieve 200% economic growth, reduce costs by 3.76 billion CNY, continuously reduce carbon emission intensity and total phosphorus emission intensity, reduce the total amount of other pollutants after reaching the peak, and offset the life cycle impact of end-of-pipe treatment.Targeting fine CIPs, this study proposes a comprehensive method for analyzing the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of the life cycle pollution and carbon emissions, establishes a whole-process economic and environmental benefit evaluation model for pollution and carbon emissions, designs an optimization algorithm for the chemical flow network, develops a multi-factor integrated synergistic optimization model for pollution and carbon emission reduction, and finally depicts a technology roadmap for the whole-process synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions. These innovations are integrated and applied to the case park, yielding insights of significant reference value to other CIPs.
