膜曝气生物膜反应器（Membrane-aerated biofilm reactor, MABR）是一种具有节能潜力的一体化脱氮工艺。将MABR与基于短程硝化的脱氮工艺结合，则能够实现极低曝气能耗的污水脱氮。然而，由于对MABR的传氧机制和生物膜结构认识不充分，目前有关MABR短程硝化脱氮工艺的研究具有处理效果欠佳、运行稳定性较差的缺点，且缺少中试规模的实践。因此，本研究以提高工艺的处理效果和运行稳定性为目标，基于传氧机制和微生物群落结构的分析，在短程硝化启动策略、厌氧氨氧化耦合方式以及长期运行中的稳定性强化策略等方面优化了MABR短程硝化工艺，并在中试装置中考察了工艺的脱氮效果和运行稳定性。建立了基于供氧调控的主流短程硝化启动策略。在MABR中，抑制亚硝酸盐氧化菌的关键在于降低生物膜内层溶解氧浓度和减小生物膜好氧区的厚度。较高的进水氨氮负荷可以通过提高微生物的氧利用速率（最大14.4 g-O2/(m2·d)）减小好氧生物膜的厚度。采用无气泵的末端封闭式供气则可以将气相氧浓度降低到正常供气时的一半以下，进而降低好氧层的溶解氧浓度和厚度。在高进水氨氮负荷和末端封闭式供气的条件下，MABR可以实现稳定的短程硝化启动。构建了载体耦合MABR的型式，优化了MABR主流厌氧氨氧化工艺的脱氮速率和出水效果。载体耦合MABR解决了传统MABR工艺中厌氧生物膜阻碍氨氮传质的问题，脱氮速率最高可达200 g-N/(m3·d)以上。但是，当溶液氨氮浓度低于5 mg-N/L时，亚硝酸盐氧化菌的抑制难度增加。该问题可通过载体耦合MABR的两级串联式运行解决。两级串联MABR的出水氨氮和总氮浓度分别达到了1.7±1.2 mg-N/L和9.4±2.4 mg-N/L。在MABR中建立了基于游离氨和游离亚硝酸的短程硝化稳定性强化策略。在进水氨氮浓度为200 mg-N/L时，MABR可通过序批式运行富集约2 mg-N/L游离氨，进而建立短程硝化。在进水氨氮浓度为100 mg-N/L时，MABR可通过序批式运行原位富集最高2 mg-N/L的游离亚硝酸，实现短程硝化工艺的稳定运行。在更低的进水氨氮浓度下，可采用游离亚硝酸强化投加策略，强化短程硝化的稳定性。在中试MABR装置中集成了供氧调控、载体厌氧氨氧化以及游离亚硝酸强化投加策略，针对实际厌氧工艺出水完成了短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化脱氮，总氮去除率达到了78%，其中厌氧氨氧化去除了进水中超过40%的总氮。

Membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) is a novel energy-efficient integrated nitrogen removing technology. By combining MABR with partial nitrification process, a nitrogen removal process with extremely low aeration energy consumption could be achieved. However, due to inadequate understanding of the oxygen transfer mechanism and biofilm structure of MABR, the former studies about partial nitrification of MABR have some shortages, such as insufficient nitrogen removal, poor stability, and lack of pilot studies. In this thesis, to improve the nitrogen removing efficiency and operational stability of partial nitrification process in MABR, the start-up strategy, anammox coupling method, and partial nitrification stablizing strategy were optimized based on the analysis of oxygen transfer process and microbial community structure. The nitrogen removing effect and operational stability of this process were also investigated in a MABR of pilot scale.The start-up strategy of mainstream partial nitrification based on oxygen supply regulation was established. The key to inhibiting nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in MABR is to reduce the dissolved oxygen concentration within the inner layer of the biofilm and the thickness of aerobic biofilm. A higher ammonia nitrogen load could reduce the thickness of aerobic biofilm by achiveing a higher oxygen utilization rate (maximum was 14.4 g-O2/(m2·d)). The close-end air supply mode without air pump could reduce the oxygen concentration in the gas phase to less than half of the open-end mode, thereby reducing the dissolved oxygen concentration and thickness of the aerobic layer. Under the conditions of high ammonia nitrogen load and close-end air supply mode, stable start-up of partial nitrification could be achieved in MABR.The nitrogen removing rate and effluent quality by partial nitrification-anammox process of MABR were optimized by building the carrier-cuppled MABR. In traditional MABR processes, the ammonia mass transfer from bulk liquid to the aerobic biofilm was hindered by the anaerobic biofilm in the outer layer. The carrier-cuppled MABR solved this problem and increased the nitrogen removing rate to over 200 g-N/(m3·d). However, NOB were barely suppressed when the effluent ammonia concentration was lower than 5 mg-N/L, which was improved by operating two MABRs in series. In the result, the concentrations of ammonia and total nitrogen in the effluent reached 1.7±1.2 mg-N/L and 9.4±2.4 mg-N/L, respectively.Partial nitrification stabilizing strategies based on free ammonia and free nitrous acid were proposed. With 200 mg-N/L of influent ammonia, partial nitrification could be established with around 2 mg-N/L of free ammonia accumulated by sequencing batch operation. With 100 mg-N/L of influent ammonia, sequencing batch MABR could produce 2 mg-N/L of free nitrous acid, which could achieve in-situ suppression of NOB and stablize the partial nitrification process. With lower influent ammonia, additional dosing of free nitrous acid could strengthen the stability of partial nitrification.A pilot MABR was built to treat real anaerobic effluent. The oxygen supply regulation strategy, the carrier based anammox, and additional dosing of free nitrous acid were all used to establish partial nitrification-anammox process in the pilot MABR. The total nitrogen removing efficiency reached 78%, and anammox removed over 40% of the inflent total nitrogen.