亚微米级表面结构研究具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。偶氮分子玻璃作为一类光响应性功能材料，可为亚微米级表面结构制备和器件应用提供新的途径。本论文系统研究了偶氮分子玻璃微柱阵列的光致表面形貌转变过程、关键影响因素、机理和应用等，取得主要创新成果如下：通过旋涂和软刻的方法，在偶氮分子玻璃（IA-Chol）薄膜表面制备了亚微米柱的六边形阵列结构。研究发现，在单束圆偏振光的辐照下，亚微米柱六边形阵列发生独特的表面形貌转变。在532 nm波长辐照下，形成了长程有序的微柱六边形阵列，其面密度为初始微柱阵列的三倍。而在488 nm波长辐照下，微柱表面形成具有手性的螺旋结构，不同旋向的圆偏振光诱导的螺旋结构镜像对称。在持续光照下，表面形貌最终转变为新的微柱六边形阵列，其面密度为初始阵列的四倍。在532 nm的单束线偏振激光照射下，IA-Chol亚微米柱的六边形阵列发生了与圆偏振激光辐照明显不同的形貌转变。研究发现，在辐照初期，偶氮分子玻璃微柱沿着电场振动方向发生拉伸形变。随辐照时间增加，沿偏振方向形变的微柱和薄膜表面形成的新结构融合，进一步形成多种规整的周期性复杂表面结构。形貌转变的过程和最终形成的结构取决于入射光偏振方向和六边形阵列的取向角。对光致表面形貌转变的影响因素进行了系统研究和有限元方法模拟计算，阐明了上述微柱阵列表面形貌转变的机理。研究表明，通过调控入射光波长、光强、辐照时间、微柱的初始高度、阵列结构以及薄膜厚度等相关参数，可实现对光致表面形貌的调控。在上述研究的基础上，构建了以亚微米柱阵列为初始结构，通过一步光照法制备多种周期性复杂表面的新方法。同时，利用聚苯乙烯微球的光学近场效应，实现了对IA-Chol薄膜表面自有序结构排列方式的光调节。基于IA-Chol微柱阵列对光辐照的响应特性，探索了这类阵列器件在特殊光场检测和全息存储领域的应用。利用IA-Chol微柱的定向形变实现了对矢量光场的局部偏振态和光强分布的精确检测和记录，其分辨率可达微米级。同时，微柱光致形变导致的光学效应可用偏光显微镜和衍射分析测定，提供了几种对矢量光场的实时和原位检测的新途径。通过透射式全息光辐照在IA-Chol微柱表面刻写了全息图，利用全息重构过程，可在远场衍射点位置读取储存的图案信息。通过改变全息记录过程参比光的偏振态，可灵活调控图案信息的储存位置。

The fabrication and regulation of complex submicron patterns on surfaces extended over the macroscopic scale play a critical important role in both scientific research and practical applications. Azo molecular glasses (molecular amorphous materials containing azo chromophores) represent a fascinating class of photo-responsive materials, which have gained significant attention in the field of light-induced patterning on surfaces. This dissertation systematically investigated the topographic transitions and critical factors involved in the light-induced processes of the IA-Chol pillar arrays. The mechanism of their photo-responsive behavior at different time scales was elucidated, and potential applications in fields such as special light field detection and holographic storage were explored. The main achievements are presented as follows.A variety of submicron pillar array structures were fabricated on the surface of azo molecular glass (IA-Chol) films by spin-coating and soft lithography. Under irradiation with circularly polarized laser beam at 532 nm, self-organized topographical transition of submicron pillar arrays of IA-Chol was observed. During gradual erasure of the patterns upon exposure to the light, a new set of pillars emerged with new one in middle of each triangle cell of the original array. The highly regular pillar array with triple area density was formed and finally stabilized in the process. Under irradiation with circularly polarized laser beam at 488 nm, different topographic transition behavior was observed. Chiral structures on pillars and self-organized surface patterns were induced by the irradiation. After the irradiation for 2-3 minutes, the chiral spiral structures formed on the wall of every pillar in the hexagonal array. The spiral direction induced by the right-handed circularly polarized light was mirror-symmetrical to that caused by the left-handed circularly polarized light. Upon further irradiation and gradual erasure of the original pillars, which was caused by mass transfer along the electric vibration direction of the circularly polarized light, a new set of pillars emerged through splitting every original pillar into four equivalent pillars with smaller size. A series of the well-organized surface patterns appeared in the intermediate stage of the topographical transition process. In the final stage, the highly regular pillar array with quadruple area density was formed and stabilized.Upon linearly polarized light (LPL) irradiation with a continuous wave laser, different topographic transition pathways were observed and a new approach to fabricate ordered complex surface patterns was established based on the observations. The ordered patterns were formed through topographical transitions of submicron pillar arrays of an azo molecular glass, when irradiated with LPL at 532 nm. As revealed by microscopic investigation and optical simulation, the structure formation resulted from the deformation of the original pillars along the electric vibration direction of LPL and growth of new structures in the regions between the pillars owing to the non-uniformly distributed light intensity. Spontaneously shaped structures were also induced by increasing LPL irradiation time. The ordered surface patterns were then formed by coalescence of the gradually erased pillars with these newly formed structures. The morphologies and orientation of the patterns were precisely controlled by adjusting the conditions, i.e., the polarization direction of LPL relative to the hexagonal lattice of the pillar arrays and the irradiation time.The self-organized structures were effectively regulated by introducing microspheres on the surfaces of IA-Chol films. After the circularly polarized light irradiation, the photoinduced submicron pillars were found to organize into concentric arrays around isolated spheres. The regulation of self-organized structures using near-field optical effects only altered their arrangement and did not impact the distances between the formed pillars.On the basis of the response process of IA-Chol pillar arrays under light irradiation, the applications of such array devices in the fields of special light field detection and holographic storage were explored. The vector beams were recorded by directional pillar deformations in the transverse plane, which were read out by SEM and AFM observations. Through this approach, the characterization of vector beams was achieved by pushing the limit down to micron scale. The degree of pillar deformation correlated with the light intensity was explored to give the intensity distribution of vector beams throughout illuminated area. The pillar deformations also caused remarkable variations observed by optical microscopy, polarizing optical microscopy and diffraction measurements. The investigation was also extended to the detection/recording of convergent vector beams with different beam diameters, for which the image dimensions are well adjusted to be optimized for microscopic observations. The IA-Chol pillar deformation induced by the vector beam irradiation exhibits a wide range of possibility for other applications. Structural colors covering a wide spectral range are induced by irradiating pillar arrays with the vector beams. The complex optical images with various colors are achieved by patterning with the vector beam irradiation through photomasks. Through the transmissive holographic recording process, the hologram was inscribed on the IA-Chol pillar arrays and the stored pattern information was read out by the holographic reconstruction process in the diffraction spots in the far field. Moreover, by adjusting the polarization state of the reference beam during holographic recording, the positions of the stored pattern information were flexibly controlled.