高温气冷堆具有良好的固有安全性，发展多模块的高温气冷堆核电厂，是高温堆在保证固有安全性的同时实现规模经济性的有效途径。多模块高温气冷堆核电厂主控室内，一个反应堆操纵员需要监控多个NSSS模块，这与单模块的核电厂运行理念有很大不同，多模块核电厂中操纵员的工作负荷和情景意识研究成为主控制室设计中需要关注的问题。本论文主要研究多模块高温气冷堆核电厂中一个操纵员监控两个反应堆模块的可行性。通过在工程模拟机上开展实验验证的方法，进行了多种类型多个场景的实验，实验场景按运行工况分为四类，包括正常启动，功率运行，事故处理和正常停堆。实验中使用SART和NASA-TLX量表获取操纵员在各种运行工况下的实验数据，定量地分析、测量了操纵员在每个实验场景中的情景意识和工作负荷；使用眼动仪记录操纵员实验过程中的眼动数据，绘制眼动热点图和视线轨迹图，利用马尔可夫熵和停留时间熵对情景意识进行了测量和评价，探索“一人监控两模块”时操纵员的视线转移规律。基于实验数据的定性和定量分析，可以得到的结论是：操纵员可以在不同的运行工况下同时监控两个NSSS模块，即使是在核电厂多个NSSS模块出现运行事故，操纵员仍然可以完成相应的事故处理任务。量表数据分析表明，在电厂的正常启动过程中，操纵员监控的NSSS模块数量从1个增加到2个，操纵员工作负荷会变大，这与正常启动时手动操作较多有关，但未出现情景意识大幅下降或丧失的情况。在电厂的事故处理过程中，不同的运行事故对操纵员情景意识的影响不同，操纵任务难度的增加会增加操纵员的工作负荷，操纵员的情景意识会随之降低。操纵员的工作负荷和情景意识成反比，操纵员的工作负荷越高，情景意识越低。基于眼动数据分析，事故运行阶段的马尔可夫熵大于功率运行阶段的马尔可夫熵，而事故运行阶段的停留时间熵小于功率运行阶段的停留时间熵；操纵员的情景意识与马尔可夫熵之间存在负相关关系，当操纵员的情况意识很高时，马尔可夫熵相对较低。这些分析结果为改进控制画面设计提供了指导。本论文的研究工作为“一人控多堆”运行模式的设计提供了基础数据，对改进工程应用中主控制室的人因设计与实施有部分参考价值。
HTGR has good inherent safety. Developing Multi-module high temperature gas-cooled reactor nuclear power plants is an effective way to achieve economies of scale while ensuring inherent safety for high temperature reactors. In the main control room of the multi-module high temperature gas-cooled reactor nuclear power plant, a reactor operator needs to monitor multiple NSSS modules, which is very different from the operation concept of a single-module nuclear power plant. The research on the workload and situation awareness of the operators in a multi-module nuclear power plant has become an issue that needs to be paid attention to in the design of the main control room.This paper mainly studies the feasibility of one operator monitoring two reactor modules in a multi-module high temperature gas-cooled reactor nuclear power plant. Through the method of experimental verification on the engineering simulator, experiments of many types and multiple scenarios are carried out, and the experimental scenarios are divided into four categories according to the operating conditions, including normal start-up, power operation, accident handling and normal shutdown. In the experiment, SART and NASA-TLX scales are used to obtain the experimental data of operators under various operating conditions, and the situation awareness and workload of operators in each experimental scenario are quantitatively analyzed and measured. The eye movement data of operators during the experiment are recorded by eye trackers, eye movement hot spot maps and line of sight track maps are drawn, Markov entropy and Dwell time entropy are used to measure and evaluate operators‘ situation awareness, and the law of operators‘ line of sight shift during "one person monitoring two modules" are explored. Based on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the experimental data, it can be concluded that the operators can monitor two NSSS modules at the same time under different operating conditions, and even if there are operating accidents in multiple NSSS modules in the nuclear power plant, the operators can still complete the corresponding accident handling tasks.The analysis of the scale data show that during the normal start-up of the power plant, the number of NSSS modules monitored by the operator increases from 1 to 2, and the operator‘s workload will increase, which is related to more manual operations during normal start-up, but there is no significant decrease or loss of situation awareness. In the accident handling process of the power plant, different operation accidents have different effects on the situation awareness of the operators. the increase of the difficulty of the manipulation task will increase the workload of the operators, and the situation awareness of the operators will decrease. There is a negative correlation between the operator‘s workload and situation awareness, The higher the operator‘s workload, the lower the situation awareness.Based on the analysis of eye movement data, the Markov entropy in the accident operation stage is larger than that in the power operation stage, while the Dwell time entropy in the accident operation stage is less than that in the power operation stage. There is a negative correlation between the operator‘s situation awareness and Markov entropy. When the operator‘s situation awareness is very high, the Markov entropy is relatively low. These analysis results provide guidance for improving the design of the control screen.The research work of this paper provides basic data for the design of " one person controlled multi reactor" operation mode, and has some reference value for improving the human factor design and implementation of the main control room in engineering application.
