近年来由于新冠疫情等因素的影响，我国国民心理健康指数走低，心理健康问题日渐显现。同时，现有的心理健康服务尚不便利，还无法满足人们自我情绪调节的迫切需求。而虚拟现实中的正念可以在日常生活中起到调节情绪的作用，但据查阅，目前关于虚拟现实中正念的设计与交互方面的研究较少。 针对以上问题，本文从心理学、设计学的角度出发，重点研究了基于虚拟现实的正念交互系统设计，并使用了计算机科学技术进行系统的开发与实验数据处理，以期获得可应用的基于虚拟现实的正念交互系统设计指南。 本文主要工作及成果如下： 1.提出了基于虚拟现实的正念交互系统设计研究的具体研究问题。本文以如何平衡好正念所需的“静”与交互所需的“动”之间的矛盾作为研究的切入点，通过阅读文献梳理了国内外研究的现状，提出了具体的研究问题； 2.从虚拟环境设计、虚拟对象设计、交互任务设计三个层面分别设计了基于虚拟现实的正念交互系统的具体方案。本文通过使用BehaveFIT框架、问卷调研等方式分析正念相关的影响元素，确定了扁平与写实的虚拟环境、静态与动态的虚拟对象、静态与动态的交互任务作为研究方向，并将设计方案作为应用产品的开发依据； 3.根据设计方案，使用了 Unity 3D 软件与 PICO Neo3 Pro 头戴设备开发软硬件系统。本文开发出了不同场景中的基于虚拟现实的正念应用系统，并且实验的结果表明，使用该系统后参与者在布鲁内尔情绪量表中紧张、愤怒、疲劳、困惑、抑郁的情绪分值显著下降（p<0.01），此系统为进一步的虚拟现实正念应用开发打下了基础； 4.通过用户实验，获得了可应用的设计指南。本文将搭建出的六个系统通过四组对比实验进行了针对不同设计的效用评估，实验中使用了脉搏传感器与脑电头环采集生物信号。通过15名参与者的对比实验，以平均心率和 Theta 、Alpha 频段的脑电波功率作为评价指标，从评价指标中总结出了适合虚拟现实的正念交互设计指南，为后续的设计方案提供了参考，是本研究主要的创新点。
In recent years, due to the impact of the novel coronavirus epidemic, China‘s national mental health index has declined, and mental health issues need to be paid attention to. At the same time, existing mental health services are not convenient, unable to meet people‘s urgent need for self-emotional regulation. Fortunately, mindfulness in virtual reality can play a role in regulating emotions in daily life, but there is little research on the different interaction designs of mindfulness in virtual reality. In view of the above problems, this study focused on the design of mindfulness interactive system based on virtual reality from the perspective of psychology and design science, and used computer science technology to develop the system and process experimental data. Finally, an applicable design guide for mindfulness interactive system based on virtual reality was obtained. The main work and achievements of this paper are as follows: 1.Proposed specific research questions for the design and research of mindfulness interaction system based on virtual reality. This study took the contradiction between the stillness required by mindfulness and the motion required by interaction as the research entry point, reviewed the existing research status through reading literature as the theoretical basis, and puts forward specific research questions. 2.Specific schemes of mindfulness interaction system based on virtual reality are designed from three aspects: virtual environment design, virtual object design and interactive task design. In this paper, BehaveFIT framework and questionnaire survey were used to analyze the influential elements related to mindfulness, and flat and realistic virtual environments, static and dynamic virtual objects, and static and dynamic interactive tasks were determined as the research direction, and the design scheme was used as the basis for the development of application products. 3.According to the design scheme, Unity 3D software and PICO Neo3 Pro headset were used to develop the hardware and software system. In this study, a mindfulness application system based on virtual reality was developed in different scenes, and the experimental results showed that after using the system, the emotional scores of tension, anger, fatigue, confusion and depression in Brunel Mood Scale significantly decreased (p<0.01), which laid a foundation for further development of virtual reality mindfulness application. 4.Obtained applicable design guidelines through user experiments. The six systems constructed were evaluated according to their utility according to four groups of comparative experiments, in which pulse sensor and electroencephalogram device were used to collect biological signals. Through the experiment on 15 participants, the average heart rate and the brain wave power of Theta and Alpha bands were used as evaluation indexes, and a mindfulness interaction design guide suitable for virtual reality was summarized from the evaluation indexes, which provided a reference for the subsequent design scheme and was the main innovation point of this study.
