以大数据技术使用、政企合作为特征的技术条件出现，既为监管理论提供了新的治理工具，也带来了新的理论疑问：技术条件下的监管理论是什么？地方监管部门回应策略与行为逻辑是什么？本文立足特种设备安全监管领域，尝试对以上疑问进行理论分析与实证检验。技术条件下，首先是监管概念滞后，认为政府与企业是监管与被监管、零和博弈的关系；其次是监管理论不足，如“市场失灵”监管、“政府失灵”监管、“第三方”监管、“监管科学”、合作监管，这些理论重工具、轻目标，存在“监管悖论”。本文则创造性使用公共价值共创理论，提出技术条件下新监管理论命题：政企价值共创，即监管部门与市场主体秉持共同的公共价值，相互增益、合作一致，实现监管效益。地方政府推进政企价值共创监管模式具有多样与动态特征。本文按照监管行为模式中政企“以谁为主”、“如何互动”两个维度，将政企价值共创监管行为模式划分为四种：“政府赋能型”、“政府主导型”、“政企谈判型”、“企业自主型”。以往研究主要关注技术条件下，组织与行动者属性和动机、组织与行动者资源和能力等微观机制对监管模式的影响，忽视了制度这一深层、中观机制。本文基于组织制度理论，认为制度深刻影响组织行为。进而，从组织制度理论的两个重要维度：制度复杂性、制度创新性（自变量X1、X2），探究其对政企价值共创监管行为模式(因变量Y)的影响。本文使用案例比较的方法，选取了四个特种设备监管创新案例：杭州市X区的“瓶装燃气”、苏州市Z市的“场内叉车”、北京市F区老旧小区电梯治理、北京市T区“大型游乐设施”进行理论检验。四个案例除了自变量与因变量的差异，其他可能影响监管行为模式的因素均得到较好控制。对案例深入剖析，展示了监管部门通过技术赋能、政企合作，共创了多维的公共价值：经济、行政、社会、安全，实现了良好监管价值效益。进一步分析表明：制度复杂性、制度创新性对政企价值共创监管行为模式差异起到了重要作用。研究的创新包括：1）提出了技术条件下的新监管理论与模式：政企价值共创，丰富了监管理论的新内涵；2）突破以往从微观视角考察地方监管部门监管行为模式差异的解释，提出从制度这一中观维度的新解释路径，通过案例比较方法初步验证；3）丰富了“技术赋能”的文献，提出技术赋能的基础在于制度驱动、公共价值引导，价值、制度与技术相结合，才能实现良好的治理效益。
The emergence of technological conditions characterized by big data and government-enterprise cooperation not only provides new tools for the regulatory theory, but also brings new theoretical questions：What is the theory of regulation under technological conditions? What is the logic of local regulators‘ response strategies and behaviors? This paper centers on the field of special equipment regulation, trying to make theoretical analysis and empirical test of the above questions.Under the technological conditions, firstly, the concept of regulation is lagging, and the relationship between government and enterprise is that of the regulators and the regulated and therefore, a zero-sum game. secondly, the regulation theories become inadequate, such as "market failure" regulation, "government failure" regulation, "third-party" regulation, "regulatory science", and cooperative regulation. These traditional regulatory theories emphasize tools but not goals, and suffer from "regulatory paradox". Based on the theory of public values co-creation, this paper puts forward the proposition of a new regulatory theory under the technological conditions: values co-creation of government and enterprise. That is, government and enterprise take the production of public value as the mutual regulatory goal, and then cooperate consistently to realize the mutual gain of regulatory value benefits.The local governments‘ regulatory models for promoting values co-creation are versatile and dynamic. Based on the previous literature and focusing on the two dimensions of "who is dominating " and "how to interact", this paper classifies the regulatory behavior patterns of pubic values co-creation into four types: "government-enabled", "government-led", "government-enterprise negotiation", and "enterprise autonomy". The previous studies have focused on the impact of micro-mechanisms such as actor attributes and motivations, actor resources and capabilities on the differentiation of pubic values co-creation regulatory behavior under technology conditions, but neglected the impact of the deep and mesoscopic mechanism of institutions. Starting from the institutional theories of organization, this paper argues that the institutions profoundly influence actors differentiation behavior. Furthermore, this paper focuses on the influence of institutional complexity and institutional innovativeness (independent variables X1 and X2) in institution theory on the regulation pattern of pubic values co-creation (dependent variable Y).In this paper, four cases of special equipment regulations were selected for field research using a controlled comparison approach: "liquefied petroleum gas "in X district of Hangzhou, “forklift” in Z city of Suzhou, “elevator management” in the old neighborhoods in F district of Beijing, and " large amusement facilities " in T district of Beijing. In addition to the differences between the independent and dependent variables, other factors that may affect the patterns of regulatory behavior are well controlled in the four cases. In-depth analysis of the cases shows that the regulators have achieved good regulatory values benefits through technology enablement and government-enterprise cooperation, and co-created mult-dimensional public values: economic, administrative, societal and concerning safety. Further analysis shows that institutional complexity and institutional innovativeness play key roles in the regulatory behavior patterns.The innovations of the research state as follows: 1) It proposes a new regulatory theory and model under the technological conditions: pubic values co-creation of government and enterprise, which enriches the connotations of the regulatory theory; 2) It breaks through the previous explanation of examining the differences in regulatory behavior patterns of local departments from a micro perspective, and proposes a new theoretical explanation path from the deep mesoscopic dimension of institutions, and carries out verification through a controlled comparison method of case-analysis; 3) It riches the literature of "technology enablement", and proposes that the basis of technology enablement is driven by institutions and public values in order to achieve the benefits of governance.
