在中国经济发展新常态和高质量发展的大背景下，国有企业作为重要的经济参与主体，除其自身运行效率产生影响外，还在区域上对其他主体产生经济或创新影响（即溢出效应），后者研究较少但更能体现国有企业本质。本文系统分析国企溢出效应的层级异质性、影响因素与机制，有助于打开不同层级国企“黑箱”，增进对于国有经济的理解，具有重要理论贡献与现实意义。 本文借鉴外商直接投资领域丰富的溢出模型，在地级市层面，从宏观与微观两个维度对国企溢出效应层级异质性进行实证分析，结合城市间投入产出表和因果效应识别模型，对国企溢出效应层级异质性的机制进行分析，在理论与实证上全面分析国企溢出效应。在理论上，本文对宏观和微观国有企业溢出效应的不同层级差异与影响机制进行分析与讨论，为测度与刻画国企在地方的角色与定位、理解国企与国资委和国企与政府之间关系提供实证参考，延伸国有经济贡献的研究范畴。在实证上，本文使用城市间投入产出表计算国有企业在地级市的行业间联系，应用工具变量法对溢出效应模型进行内生性处理，自建国家级开发区地理信息库与工企地理信息库。在政策上，在梳理出能够识别因果机制的政策冲击基础上，本文使用双重差分法与倾向值匹配法检验国资委监管效应与政府关系效应的空间异质性对不同层级国企微观溢出效应的影响，拓展国资委与政府有关政策实施效果的评价维度。 本文研究的主要发现有：一、不同层级国有企业溢出效应在宏观与微观层面存在显著差异。对于全要素生产率指标，中央国企与省级国企水平溢出效应均体现出负向影响，并且中央国企负向影响效应大于省级国企。二、在异质性影响因素分析中，溢出效应呈现出显著层级差异。中央国企跨地区特征最强，在地级市发展水平提升后，负向行业间溢出效应增强；市级国企更能接触地区发展成果的优势，正向行业间溢出效应增强。三、国资委监管效应增强会减弱三类国企溢出效应正向影响，政府关系增强会促进省级国企对当地国家级开发区内的工企正向行业间溢出效应，提升地方政府财政收入，但会减弱市级国企产生的前向溢出效应正向影响。 基于以上发现，本文提出重视层级异质性对国企改革的影响、加强不同层级国企与区域合作和合理布局不同层级国企与国资委和政府等政策建议。本文的研究框架可拓展应用在地区其他指标的溢出效应测度与政策评估上，为有关政策效果评估提供事实依据。

In the context of the new normal of China‘s economic development and high-quality development, state-owned enterprises (SOEs), as important economic participants, not only have an impact on their own operational efficiency, but also have an economic or innovative impact on other entities at the regional level (i.e., spillover effect), which is less studied but better reflects the essence of SOEs. This paper systematically analyzes the hierarchical heterogeneity, influencing factors and mechanisms of SOE spillover effects, which helps to open the "black box" of SOEs at different levels and improve the understanding of SOEs, with important theoretical contributions and practical implications. Drawing on the rich spillover models in the field of foreign direct investment, this paper empirically analyzes the hierarchical heterogeneity of SOE spillover effects at the prefecture-level city level from both macro and micro dimensions, and analyzes the mechanisms of hierarchical heterogeneity of SOE spillover effects by combining inter-city input-output tables and causal effect identification models to comprehensively analyze SOE spillover effects both theoretically and empirically. Theoretically, this paper analyzes and discusses different levels of differences and impact mechanisms of macro and micro SOE spillover effects, providing empirical references for measuring and portraying the role and positioning of SOEs at the local level, understanding the relationship between SOEs and SASACs and SOEs and the government, and extending the scope of research on the contribution of SOEs. Empirically, this paper uses inter-city input-output tables to calculate the inter-industry linkages of SOEs in prefecture-level cities, applies the instrumental variable method to endogenize the spillover effect model, and conducts self-built geographic information database of national development zones and geographic information database of industrial enterprises. In terms of policies, on the basis of sorting out policy shocks that can identify causal mechanisms, this paper uses the Difference in Difference method and Propensity Score Matching method to test the spatial heterogeneity of the regulatory effects of SASAC and the relationship effects of government on the micro spillover effects of SOEs at different levels, expanding the evaluation dimensions of the effects of the implementation of SASAC and government-related policies. The main findings of this paper are: First, the spillover effects of different levels of SOEs are significantly different at macro and micro levels. For the total factor productivity index, both central SOEs and provincial SOEs show negative spillover effects, and the negative effect of central SOEs is greater than that of provincial SOEs. Second, in the analysis of heterogeneity impact factors, the spillover effects show significant hierarchical differences. Central SOEs have the strongest cross-regional characteristics, and the negative inter-industry spillover effect is enhanced after the development level of prefecture-level cities is raised; municipal SOEs are more exposed to the advantages of regional development results, and the positive inter-industry spillover effect is enhanced. Third, the enhanced regulatory effect of SASAC will weaken the positive spillover effect of the three types of SOEs. The enhanced government relationship will promote the positive inter-industry spillover effect of provincial SOEs to local industrial enterprises in national development zones and enhance local government revenue, but will weaken the positive forward spillover effect generated by municipal SOEs. Based on the above findings, this paper puts forward policy recommendations to pay attention to the impact of hierarchical heterogeneity on SOE reform, to strengthen SOEs at different levels and regional cooperation, and to rationalize the layout of SOEs at different levels with SASAC and government. The research framework of this paper can be extended and applied to the measurement of spillover effects and policy evaluation of other indicators in the region, providing a factual basis for the evaluation of the effects of the relevant policies.