随着智能技术的发展，人们在工作中的角色从以往的执行者逐渐转变为系统的监控者。这种改变给人们的心理与认知能力都带来一定的挑战。本研究探究信息加工方式对智能人机交互的监控任务中，无聊感与前瞻性记忆的影响，并进一步探究合适的无聊干预方式。本研究包含了三个实验。实验一旨在探究不同信息刺激显著性下，人们感到无聊时对前瞻性记忆的影响及相关神经机制。自变量是刺激显著性，有低和高两个水平。结果发现，监控低刺激显著性（自上而下需求高）时前瞻性记忆的正确率低于监控高刺激显著性（自下而上需求高）。监控低刺激显著性信息时的大脑活跃程度高于监控高刺激显著性信息；监控高刺激显著性信息时的大脑激活程度低于监控低刺激显著性信息。进一步分析发现，受试者监控高刺激显著性信息时，腹侧与背侧注意力网络有明显的alpha波同步性，大脑皮层去激活程度高。根据实验一结果，监控低刺激显著性信息的受试者在无聊时有较高且稳定的注意力，但高度依赖自上而下与内源性注意力很可能会损害前瞻性记忆；监控高刺激显著性信息的受试者有较不稳定的注意力，有注意力频繁重新定向的现象，从而导致分心，影响前瞻性记忆。实验二旨在探究低刺激显著性信息的监控中，认知干预对无聊与前瞻性记忆的影响与认知机制。自变量是认知干预形式，包括无干预、认知干预、无交互干预、AR认知干预四个水平。结果发现，AR认知干预能有效地降低无聊感。AR认知干预中BA10有较强的theta波强度与较高的alpha波强度。这说明AR认知干预提高监控中的认知需求、促进主动控制行为以及有效减少对自上而下的高度需求。根据实验二结果，AR认知干预可以改善认知与注意力资源运用，在不影响前瞻性记忆的情况下缓解无聊感。实验三旨在探究高刺激显著性信息的监控中，情感干预对无聊与前瞻性记忆的影响与认知机制。自变量是情感干预形式，包括无干预、情感干预、无交互干预、AR情感干预四个水平。结果发现，AR情感干预可以减少无聊感。AR情感干预中BA9有较强的theta波强度，BA8有较低的alpha波强度。这说明AR情感干预可以增加抑制控制行为与自主控制能力。根据实验三结果，AR情感干预可以提高个体约束行为的能力，进而改善前瞻性记忆、降低无聊感。综上所述，本研究总结了智能监控中工作无聊对前瞻性记忆的影响与认知机制，并验证了AR认知干预与情感干预可以缓解无聊感，保障前瞻性记忆表现。
As the development of intelligent technology, human’s role is changing from an executor to a supervisor, who oversees the operations of the system. This change could challenge human in terms of mental health and cognitive functions. This study investigates the influence of information processing mechanisms on boredom and prospective memory in monitoring task of intelligent interaction, and propose suitable boredom intervention measures. This study included three experiments.The first experiment aimed to investigate the influence of stimulus salience (low and high) of monitoring information on prospective memory while bored. Results showed that participants who monitored low stimulus salience (high top-down processing) information, exhibited poorer prospective memory than those monitored high stimulus salience information (high bottom-up processing). The brain activity was higher while monitoring low stimulus salience information than while monitoring high stimulus salience information. The brain activation was weaker while monitoring high stimulus salience information than while monitoring low stimulus salience information. Further analysis reported that a stronger alpha synchronization, indicating greater brain deactivation, could be observed in both dorsal and ventral attentional networks while monitoring high stimulus salience information. According to the first experiment, this study concluded that although attention was higher and more stable while monitoring low stimulus salience information, its increased demand for top-down processing and endogenous attention could impair prospective memory. On the other hand, attention was found to be unstable and reorienting frequently during high stimulus salience information monitoring, suggesting that distraction could potentially decline prospective memory.The second experiment aimed to investigate the influence of cognitive intervention (no intervention, cognitive intervention, non-interaction intervention and AR cognitive intervention) on boredom and prospective memory while monitoring low stimulus salience information. Results reported that AR cognitive intervention significantly alleviated boredom. Participants in AR cognitive intervention exhibited higher theta and alpha power in BA 10, which indicated that AR cognitive intervention could increase cognitive demand, proactive control behavior and decrease the demand for top-down processing. According to the second experiment, this study suggested that AR cognitive intervention could improve cognition and attention management, and mitigate boredom without compromising prospective memory.The third experiment aimed to investigate the influence of emotional intervention (no intervention, emotional intervention, non-interaction intervention and AR emotional intervention) on boredom and prospective memory while monitoring high stimulus salience information. Results demonstrated that AR emotional intervention reduced boredom. Participants in AR emotional intervention exhibited higher theta power in BA 9 and lower alpha power in BA 8, which indicated the enhancement of inhibitory control behavior and self-control. According to the third experiment, this study suggested that AR emotional intervention could help individuals regulate themselves, improve prospective memory and alleviate boredom.To sum up, this study provided insights into the influences of boredom in intelligent workplaces on prospective memory and cognitive functions and confirmed the effectiveness of AR cognitive intervention and emotional intervention in alleviating boredom and maintaining prospective memory ability.
