在刑事诉讼活动中,刑事辩护律师的职责是根据具体案件的案情提出证明当事人无罪、罪轻或者减轻、免除其刑事责任的辩护意见。作为刑事辩护之一的无罪辩护是指在刑事诉讼过程中,被追诉人及其辩护人以事实为依据,以法律为准绳为被告人作无罪的辩解,运用刑事辩护技巧,提出有利于被追诉人的证据,使其受到无罪化处理的一种诉讼活动。无罪辩护的成功不仅能保障人权、还能实现司法公正、推进法治建设。一方面无罪辩护具有重要意义,但另一方面,在司法实践中无罪辩护数量少,无罪判决率低,即使是最终实现了无罪辩护的案例,其过程也十分曲折,导致这一现象既有法律本身的因素,也有法律之外社会的因素。一方面,在理论层面现有研究尚未回答从刑事辩护律师视角“无罪辩护是如何实现”这一问题,另一方面实践中存在无罪辩护难的问题,但部分律师能够在职业生涯中代理数十起无罪辩护案例,现有刑事辩护律师实现无罪辩护核心是什么?现有实践缺乏对于刑事辩护律师实现无罪辩护的方法、技巧以及观念的系统梳理,因此无罪辩护究竟怎样得以实现的?刑事辩护律师在无罪辩护过程中运用了什么方法、技巧以及秉持怎样的观念从而促成无罪辩护的实现? 本文主要任务是通过实证分析方法,以王强友律师代理的无罪辩护案例为个案研究对象,从刑事辩护律师角度进行探讨实现无罪辩护的关键因素何在,通过结合田野调查资料笔者认为从刑事辩护律师视角无罪辩护得以实现的核心在于运用正确无罪辩护方法与技巧以及秉持正确无罪辩护观念即刑事辩护律师无罪辩护的“术”与“观”,将两者相结合促成无罪辩护。即如何无罪辩护、依何无罪辩护、怎么成功无罪辩护的问题。具体而言,剖析田野调查资料发现,无罪辩护“术”之核心要义为刑事辩护律师进行无罪辩护的过程中所运用的方法和技巧。其一是无罪辩护的方法,是进行无罪辩护过程中整体运用的方法,包括全面思考、提前预判、抓住要害、确定依据、交叉思维、独特视角、向外借力;其二是无罪辩护过程中不同的阶段所运用的具体技巧,从阅卷到判决,分别对应案卷查阅术、证据运用术、会见提问术、现场走访术、法庭辩护术、判后关怀术。无罪辩护“观”包括刑事辩护律师在无罪辩护过程中的整体观念,包括无罪辩护的理念、特点、目的三方面。接着,对于无罪辩护的“术”与“观”的关系以及梳理其面临的困境并就刑事辩护律师的角度如何实现无罪辩护和从法律、社会层面如何保障无罪辩护延伸思考。
In criminal proceedings, the duty of a criminal defense lawyers is to provide materials and opinions to prove that litigants is innocent, light crime or alleviated or exempted from criminal responsibility according to the facts of a specific case, so as to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the party. Innocence defense is a kind of criminal defense. Which refers to the fact that during the criminal proceedings, the prosecutor and his defender use the facts as the basis, and use the law as the criterion to defend the defendant‘s innocence. They use criminal defense skills to propose evidence of the prosecutor and make them be innocent. In recent years, with the progress of our social legal system. The innocence defense is of great importance to both citizens and criminal lawyers. The success of the innocence defense can not only change the life of the criminal suspect or defendant, but also maximize the work value of the criminal defense lawyer. The ability to plead not guilty also represents the highest level of skills of lawyers and their legal teams. On the one hand, the existing research at the theoretical level has not answered "how the innocence defense is achieved and the core of innocence defense". On the other hand, there are problems of innocent defense in practice, but some lawyers can act in dozens of agents in their careers. In the case of innocence defense, the existing practice lacks the method, skills, and system combing of criminal defense lawyers to achieve innocent defense. So how can the innocent defense achieve? How is the innocent defense going? What methods, skills and views do the criminal defense lawyers use in the process of innocent defense to achieve the realization of innocent defense? These are questions that need to be answered. This paper believes that the core of innocent defense is to use the correct innocent defense methods, skills, and views, and combine the two to promote the realization of innocent defense. This paper intends to fully investigate the innocence defense cases of Lawyer Wang Qiangyou. On this basis, the core of systematic refining innocent defense is achieved which is the "skills" and "views" of innocent defense. The "skills "of innocent defense mainly refers to the methods and skills used in the process of criminal defense lawyers in the process of innocent defense through literature analysis, unstructured interview and empirical analysis. The first is the method of innocent defense, mainly to summarize the overall method of use in the process of achieving innocent defense, including comprehensive thinking, pre -judgment, grasping the key, determining the basis, cross -thinking, unique perspective, and borrowing outward power. Waiting for the overall method. Secondly, the specific skills used in different stages in the process of innocent defense are combed, from the scores to the judgment, respectively, the corresponding cases of the case, the use of evidence, meeting the question, on -site visits, the court defense, and the care of the caregivers after the judgment and so on. The "views" of innocent defense includes the "views" of criminal defense lawyers in the process of innocent defense, that is, the criminal defense lawyer‘s views on how to achieve innocent defense. It mainly includes four aspects of the concept of innocent defense, the basis of innocent defense, the characteristics of innocent defense, and the purpose of innocent defense. Finally, the relationship between "skills" and "views" of innocent defense and how to achieve innocent defense from the perspective of lawyers and how to protect the innocent defense from the legal and social level is worth further extended.