智能化语境下车辆行踪轨迹信息的法律属性及其保护路径取决于对车辆行踪轨迹的内涵进行界定。随着车辆智能化程度不断提高，车辆行驶的轨迹数据成为智能汽车行业的重要数据资源，而实践中车辆行踪轨迹信息的性质和权属问题也引发了热议。根据对车辆行踪轨迹的立法现状进行梳理，我国立法目前对车辆行踪轨迹的规定仅散见于一些部门规章及国家标准文件中，其他法律法规未明确规定其内涵。在网信办等多部门于2021年联合发布的《汽车数据安全管理若干规定(试行)》中，车辆行踪轨迹被纳入敏感个人信息范围。然而在司法实践中，有案例表明，车辆行驶产生的轨迹信息不一定构成个人信息，不具有 “可识别性”，这使得司法裁判与立法规定产生了一定的冲突。由于法律法规未对“车辆行踪轨迹”的内涵给出明确界定，车辆行驶产生的轨迹信息是否构成个人信息，以及其是否进一步构成敏感个人信息的问题尚有争议。进而，这也造成了司法裁判不统一和企业合规实践落地难的问题。随着理论的发展和立法的推进，当前我国对于个人信息的认定主要采取“可识别性”判断标准，车辆行踪轨迹具有个人信息的特征属性：一方面，车辆行踪轨迹与其他信息结合具有识别到与个人的可能性；另一方面，车辆行踪轨迹能够反映个人的生活特征，与个人具有关联性。而是否全部的车辆行踪轨迹都构成敏感个人信息，则应具体判断。考虑到敏感个人信息的特殊性和高强度保护标准，如果宽泛地认为车辆行踪轨迹信息都构成敏感个人信息，则可能限制数据价值的发挥。结合“敏感性”认定的多种理论，若将“车辆行踪轨迹”纳入敏感个人信息的范围，应当从严认定。其界定要素可以包含：主体唯一指向性要素、物理位置要素、时间连续性要素、技术要素以及处理目的要素。由此，车辆行踪轨迹的保护路径可以参考以下几个方面：在立法上，进一步厘清车辆行踪轨迹的内涵；在实践中，企业可考虑依据数据分类分级的方法对车辆行踪轨迹数据采取系统化保护措施；从研发设计的源头上保护数据安全，避免超范围收集或使用车辆行踪轨迹。
The legal nature and protection path of vehicle trajectory information in the context of intelligence depend on the definition of the connotation of vehicle trajectory. As the level of vehicle intelligence continues to increase, the trajectory data of vehicle has become an important data resource in the intelligent automobile industry, and the ownership issues of vehicle trajectory information have also caused heated discussions in practice. According to the legislative status quo of vehicle trajectory, the legislation currently only stipulates vehicle trajectory in some departmental regulations and national standard documents, while other laws and regulations do not clearly define its connotation. In the Several Provisions on Automobile Data Security Management (Trial) jointly issued by multiple departments including the Cyberspace Administration of China in 2021, vehicle trajectory is included in the scope of sensitive personal information. However, in judicial practice, there are cases indicating that the trajectory information generated by vehicle travel does not necessarily constitute personal information and is not "identifiable", which has caused certain conflicts between judicial judgments and legislative provisions. Due to the lack of clear definition of the connotation of "vehicle trajectory" in laws and regulations, there is still controversy over whether the trajectory information generated by vehicle travel constitutes personal information and whether it further constitutes sensitive personal information. This has also caused problems of inconsistent judicial judgments and difficulties in enterprise compliance practices.With the development of theory and the promotion of legislation, China‘s current recognition of personal information mainly adopts the "identifiability" judgment standard. Vehicle trajectory has the characteristic attributes of personal information. On the one hand, the combination of vehicle trajectory and other information has the possibility of identifying individuals; On the other hand, vehicle trajectory can reflect personal life characteristics and has relevance to individuals. Whether all vehicle trajectories constitute sensitive personal information should be judged specifically. Considering the special nature and high protection standards of sensitive personal information, if it is broadly recognized that all vehicle trajectory information constitutes sensitive personal information, it may limit the value of data. Combined with various theories of "sensitivity" recognition, if "vehicle trajectory" is included in the scope of sensitive personal information, it should be strictly recognized. The defining elements can include: subject uniqueness, physical location, time continuity, technical elements, and processing purposes.Therefore, the protection path of vehicle trajectory can refer to the following aspects: in legislation, to further clarify the connotation of vehicle trajectory; in practice, enterprises can consider taking systematic protection measures for vehicle trajectory data based on data classification and grading methods; to protect data security from the source of research and development design to avoid the collection or use of vehicle trajectory beyond the scope.
