全球导航卫星系统 (GNSS) 作为信息社会的重要基础设施，已经广泛应用于军 事国防和生产生活的方方面面。但是 GNSS 容易遭受欺骗干扰，在不易察觉的情 况下产生错误的定位和授时结果，因此存在巨大的安全隐患。为了保证广大用户 的导航安全，构建欺骗干扰源定位系统，进而实现对欺骗源的监测、定位和彻底清 除，已经成为国内外研究的热点和前沿。现有欺骗干扰源定位技术主要基于 TOA/TDOA 原理，存在多机、同步、分布 部署等实现瓶颈，很难以低成本的方式覆盖较大的欺骗源定位范围。为此，本文 从普通的独立非同步用户输出原始观测量出发，通过多普勒差分的方式提取欺骗 源的方位信息，在此基础上构建了欺骗干扰源定位系统，并对其中的关键技术难 点进行研究。主要研究成果归纳如下：（1）针对独立非同步用户的防欺骗问题，提出了一种基于多普勒双差的欺骗 检测和识别技术。该技术无需用户之间严格的时间同步，能够在用户相对运动的 情况下准确地区分真实信号和欺骗信号，实现欺骗干扰监测告警的同时也为后续 欺骗源定位奠定了基础。（2）在欺骗检测和识别的基础上，提出了一种基于多普勒-钟漂双差的欺骗干 扰源测向和定位技术。该技术利用一个运动用户和一个参考用户的多普勒观测量 和钟漂解算结果，消除了多普勒观测量中欺骗源施加的频率影响和时钟频漂，提 取了仅由用户运动产生的多普勒分量，可分别实现用户小尺度运动下的欺骗源测 向和大尺度运动下的欺骗源定位。（3）研究了基于多普勒观测量的欺骗源定位算法，推导了定位问题的理论性 能界。针对多普勒观测方程的高度非线性问题，一方面优化了权系数矩阵和初值 选取方法，提高了传统加权最小二乘算法的定位性能；另一方面提出了用户直线 运动约束下的闭式解算法，简化了欺骗源定位的求解难度和计算复杂度。（4）在上述研究的基础上设计了欺骗干扰源定位系统，并结合 u-blox 接收机 和安卓手机搭建了试验平台。实测结果表明，该系统仅需收集用户的原始观测数 据，即可实现对欺骗干扰的监测和定位。系统中的各用户彼此独立，无需严格时 间同步，因此可以大规模应用于智能手机、车载导航终端等商用接收机，有效降低 了欺骗源定位的成本和系统复杂度。

As an important infrastructure, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has been widely used in all aspects of social life. However, GNSS is vulnerable to spoofing attack, which may lead to wrong positioning and timing results without being noticed, leading to a severe threat. In order to ensure the security of GNSS users, there is an urgent need to build a spoofer monitoring and localization system to shut down the spoofing eventually, which has become popular in the research fields.The existing researches about spoofer localization are mainly based on TOA (Time of Arrival) or TDOA (Time Difference of Arrival), where multiple time-synchronized and distributed receivers are needed. However, it is difficult to cover a large localization area in a low-cost way. For this reason, in this dissertation raw measurements of ordinary receivers are taken into consideration. Doppler differences of independent asynchronous users are derived to obtain the orientation and position of spoofer. Based on these, this dissertation designs the spoofer localization system and studies the key techniques. The main results are summarized as follows:(1) To solve the problem of anti-spoofing for independent asynchronous users, this dissertation proposes a spoofing detection and discrimination method based on Doppler frequency double difference (DFDD). This method can distinguish authentic signals and spoofing signals accurately in the case of relative motion of users, where time synchronization is not needed.(2) After achieving spoofing detection and discrimination, this dissertation proposes a direction finding and localization method of the spoofer based on Doppler and clock drift double difference (DCDD). DCDD utilizes Doppler measurements and clock drift solutions of a moving user and a reference user, which can eliminate the irrelevant components in Doppler measurements such as the spoofer-controlled frequency and clock frequency drift. Therefore, DCDD reveals the Doppler effect caused by the moving user. Utilizing DCDD, the direction finding of the spoofer can be achieved in the case of small-scale motion of the user, and the spoofer position can be estimated under the large-scale motion respectively.(3) The spoofer localization performance and algorithms are studied, and the CramérRao Lower Bound (CRLB) of spoofer position estimate is derived in the presence of receiver position and velocity errors. To handling with the highly nonlinear relationship between Doppler frequency and spoofer position, a weighting matrix and an initial value are given to improve the localization performance of the iterative weighted least squares (WLS) algorithm. In the case of straight-line motion of the user, a closed-from algebraic algorithm is proposed to simplify the computational complexity of spoofer localization.(4) Based on the above methods, a spoofer localization system is designed in this dissertation. Field experiments are conducted using u-blox commercial receivers and Android smartphones to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methods. The experimental results show that, spoofer localization can be achieved using raw GNSS measurements of independent users without time synchronization. Therefore, the proposed methods can be applied to commercial GNSS receivers such as smartphones and vehicle navigation terminals, which reduces the cost and complexity of the spoofer localization system effectively.