随着新能源发电占比的逐步提升，电力系统的不确定性和波动性显著上升。一方面，新能源发电出力的间歇性和反调峰问题愈发凸显，输配电网消纳新能源发电的难度和压力增大；另一方面，系统旋转惯量下降明显，调频调压资源不足，电网的频率和电压稳定性面临巨大挑战。电池储能具有快速灵活的四象限调节能力，通过在电网中配置电池储能，不仅可以提升新能源的消纳能力，还可以提升系统频率和电压的支撑能力。因此，本文开展了考虑提升新能源消纳和支撑频率电压的电池储能选址定容方法研究。本文的主要工作与成果如下： 1）同时考虑集中式储能接入输电网和分布式储能接入配电网，提出了集中式和分布式电池储能的协同规划模型与求解方法。通过对输电网潮流约束进行变量替换和近似处理，以及对配电网潮流约束进行二阶锥松弛，将两层问题均转化为混合整数二阶锥规划问题。考虑两层问题通过输配网耦合节点间交换的有功和无功功率联系，提出了一种考虑松弛整数约束的改进目标级联法求解方法，实现对模型的高效求解。2）提出了一种面向频率和电压支撑的电池储能规划方法，分别对储能位置、无功功率容量、有功功率容量和能量容量进行优化。首先，在时域仿真的基础上，建立了考虑暂态电压稳定性的储能系统选址模型和考虑电压轨迹灵敏度的储能无功功率容量优化规划方法。然后，考虑频率安全约束构建了储能有功功率容量的优化模型，并基于储能的四象限出力特性和一次调频支撑时间要求，得到储能的最终视在功率容量和能量容量。3）提出了兼顾新能源消纳和频率电压支撑的输配网协同电池储能规划方法。通过构建调频调压预留容量等约束，修正输电网层集中式储能优化规划模型，并利用改进的分析目标级联法求解考虑输配电网协同的储能规划模型，得到最终的电池储能选址定容结果。仿真结果表明，考虑储能的多重功能进行规划，可以提升储能的利用效率，降低储能的配置成本，提高电网的安全稳定水平。
With the gradual increase in the proportion of new energy power generation, the uncertainty and volatility of the power system has increased significantly. On the one hand, the intermittency and anti-peak characteristics of new energy power generation are becoming more prominent, making it more difficult for the transmission and distribution network to consume new energy power generation. On the other hand, the obvious decrease in the inertia of the power system and the lack of regulation resources for the frequency and voltage make the frequency and voltage stability of the grid face great challenges. Battery storage has the capability of the four-quadrant regulation with a fast and flexible response. Installing battery storage in the power grid can not only enhance the consumption of new energy, but also improve the capability of supporting the system frequency and voltage. Therefore, the research of siting and sizing strategy for energy storage is performed from the perspective of improving the new energy consumption and supporting the frequency and voltage of the grid. The main work and achievements of this thesis are as follows:1) A coordinated planning model and solution method for centralized and distributed battery energy storage is proposed to consume the new energy power generation, by assuming the centralized energy storage integrates into the transmission network and the distributed energy storage integrates into the distribution network. By performing a variable substitution, approximation for transmission network constraints, and second-order cone relaxation for distribution network constraints, the bi-level model is transformed into a mixed-integer second-order cone programming problem. Considering the active and reactive power exchange between the coupled nodes of transmission and distribution network for the bi-level problem, an improved analysis target cascading method is proposed. By relaxing the integer constraints, the model can be solved more efficiently.2) A battery energy storage planning method that takes into account frequency and voltage support is proposed to optimize the size of energy storage, reactive power capacity, active power capacity, and energy capacity, respectively. Firstly, based on the time-domain simulation, the siting model of the energy storage system considering transient voltage stability and the optimal planning method of reactive power capacity of energy storage considering voltage trajectory sensitivity are established. Then, the optimization model of active power capacity of energy storage is constructed based on the frequency safety constraints. Finally, the final apparent power capacity and energy capacity of energy storage are determined by analyzing the four-quadrant power output characteristics and support time of energy storage for the primary frequency regulation.3) A battery storage planning method that takes into account the new energy consumption and frequency and voltage support is proposed. The optimization planning model for energy storage in the transmission network is modified by constructing the constraints of reserved capacity for frequency and voltage regulation. The improved analysis target cascading method is used to solve the energy storage planning model considering the coordination of transmission and distribution network, and further obtain the optimal site and size of battery storage. The simulation results show that considering the multiple functions of energy storage for planning can improve the utilization efficiency of energy storage, reduce the configuration cost of energy storage, and improve the security and stability of the grid.
