随着互联网技术的普及，短视频以“碎片化”、“娱乐化”的特征融入了人们的日常生活中，成为不可或缺的一部分。作为“数字原住民”的千禧一代，短视频即成为他们了解世界的“窗口”，也成为他们表达个性的主阵地。但短视频平台中充斥着大量不利于青少年用户身心健康的内容。为此，在国家政府规制下，各短视频平台开启“自治”，搭建起未成年人相关保护措施。抖音作为当下主流短视频平台之一，也是最早试点“青少年模式”的平台，在对青少年防沉迷管理措施上处于行业前排。研究以短视频平台对未成年人保护措施为主，选取较具有代表性的抖音平台“青少年模式”作为研究个案。在过往研究中多聚焦于对青少年的身份确立、平台使用时长、家长管理等“技术性”因素，研究希望能够通过对抖音青少年模式内容池的内容分析，了解平台对“青少年模式”的建构程度，在技术性“硬”保护之下，平台是否能够用“软”实力保障青少年群体的触网体验并带来积极正向的影响价值。目前的抖音青少年模式主要分为技术性保护及内容保护两大部分，作为内容平台，研究将重点聚焦于抖音平台的青少年模式下所分发的内容，通过内容分析，以“分龄”、“性别”等类别抓取了青少年模式下的2100条短视频内容，对相关短视频样本从创作主体、视频内容、传播效果等维度展开分析，试图对青少年模式呈现的分布特征进行归纳总结，并结合访谈结果对当下青少年模式存在的问题进行分析，为青少年模式提出改进、优化的相关建议。研究发现，在抖音青少年模式下，内容池创作者供给侧UGC占比大，但认证作者的视频传播效果远高于UGC用户、视频时长普遍偏短、内容类型随年龄设置的不同有不同的侧重点等，能够较好的符合平台“分龄分发”、“知识性强”的定位。但对于青少年群体对信息的“多样化”、“差异化”需求，平台目前还存在内容适龄匹配的不足。在对内容的严格把控下，平台亟需从内容源头调动创作者为青少年群体创作内容的动力，同时平台也应考虑青少年的触网需求，给予青少年用户一定的平台互动空间。让平台的青少年模式能够不再是一道“虚设”，能够真正为青少年群体所接受，激活青少年模式的活力。
With the spread of Internet technology, short videos have become an integral part of people‘s daily lives with their "fragmentation" and "entertainment" characteristics. As the "digital natives" of the millennial generation, short videos have become their "window" to the world and the main forum for expressing their personality. However, short video platforms are full of content that is not conducive to the physical and mental health of teen users. For this reason, under the regulation of the national government, each short video platform has started to "self-govern" and set up measures to protect minors. Douyin, one of the mainstream short video platforms, was one of the first to pilot the " Teen mode ". The study focuses on the protection measures for minors on short video platforms and selects the more representative "Teen mode" of the Douyin platform as a case study. While previous studies have focused on technical factors such as the establishment of teenagers‘ identities, the length of use of the platform and parental management, the study hopes to explain the extent to which the platform constructs the "teen model" through the analysis of the content distribution of the short video platform, and the extent to which the "teen model" is protected by the platform. The study aims to understand the extent to which the platform has constructed a ‘teen model‘, and whether the platform is able to use its ‘soft‘ strengths to protect the youth‘s online experience and bring positive influence value, in addition to the ‘hard‘ technical protection.The current Douyin "Teen mode" is mainly divided into two parts: technical protection and content protection. As a content platform, the research focuses on the content itself of Douyin "Teen mode". With the content analysis method as the main research method, 2100 short video contents of Douyin teen mode are captured by categories such as "age division" and "gender". The relevant short video samples are analyzed from the dimensions of creation subject, video content and communication effect, trying to summarize the distribution characteristics presented by the teen model, and analyze the problems existing in the current teen model based on the interview results, to put forward relevant suggestions for improvement and optimization of the teen model.The study found that, under Douyin "Teen mode", the supply side of the content pool creators accounted for a large proportion of UGC (User Generated Content ), but the distribution effect of videos by certified authors was much higher than that of UGC users, the length of videos was generally short, and the content types had different focuses depending on age settings, which was in line with the platform‘s "age-specific distribution" and "strong knowledge" principles. The platform‘s positioning is "age-specific distribution" and "strong knowledge". However, the platform still suffers from a lack of age-appropriate content matching for the "diverse" and "differentiated" needs of youth groups for information. Under strict control of the content, the platform needs to mobilise the creators from the source to create content for youth, and at the same time, the platform should also consider the needs of youth to reach out to the internet and give teenage users a certain amount of space to interact with the platform. It is also important to consider the needs of youth and give them some space to interact with the platform, so that the teen mode of the platform can no longer be a "virtual" platform but can be truly accepted by the youth and activate the vitality of the teen mode.
