在中国的基层政治环境中，作为常规治理单元的城市空间，可以被分为三个主要层次：“单位办社会”模式下职住合一的工作生活空间；随着市场化转型，社区制依托属地管理模式成为组织城市居民生活的重要地理边界与制度空间；以及在社区空间的基础上，作为城市治理创新政策发展而来、逐渐扩散至全国范围的网格空间。不同的空间形态中分别运行着差异化的行政制度体系，而随着网格化治理成为全国范围内城市治理活动的重要实践，网格空间内部的制度形态也体现出不同的表现特征。国家—社会关系始终是中国城市基层治理研究中的一个重要理论命题，嵌入理论能够体现出国家与社会之间嵌合的内在结构与复杂的互动形态。在差异化的资源配置逻辑下，基层治理所体现出的国家嵌入主要表现为两种形式：以垂直化行政层级为基础的制度嵌入，以及在政党引领社会治理下依托于党群部门和社会资本的网络嵌入。本研究从嵌入式治理的研究视角出发，考察国家嵌入的差异化运作机制。通过对行政级别不同的J市、N市以及B市中分属于6个不同街道的8个社区进行实地走访，以访谈法与类型学分析作为主要研究方法，本研究概括了不同案例在划定网格空间以来实行的主要治理模式。研究发现，虽然网格化治理早已作为常规治理手段应用于城市基层事务的管理活动中，但是基于采纳时期不同、发展程度不同、辖区经济与社会资源各异，在实际治理活动中，街道办事处与社区工作人员往往倾向于采取差异化手段整合社会资源和动员社区居民。在此过程中，作为行政制度力量代表的专职网格员和第三方专业力量，以及楼栋长与志愿者为代表的灵活志愿力量，均在网格化治理的日常工作中发挥了重要作用，并形成了不同的国家嵌入机制。通过对不同案例进行比较分析可以得出，在经济资本较为充裕的情况下，制度化嵌入水平相对较高，国家嵌入形式主要体现为依赖制度化运作的专职工作人员以及专业第三方力量；而在社会资本较为充裕的情况中，治理活动在一定程度上由党群部门及其积极成员所掌握的社会网络所分担，在主要依托于基层党组织的网络嵌入中，很大程度上实现了政党嵌入对国家嵌入的替代效应。
In grassroots political environment of China, urban space, as a conventional governance unit, can be divided into three main stages: the work-living space under the “Danwei-society” model; With the market transformation, the community (Shequ) relies on the territorial management model to become an important geographical boundary and institutional space for organizing the lives of urban residents; and on this basis, the Grid-based policy as an innovative policy of urban governance gradually spread over nationwide. In different space there operates differentiated administrative institutional systems. As Grid-based governance becomes an important practice across the country, the administrative institution within the grid space also reflect different characteristics. State-society relationship has always been an important theoretical proposition in the study of grassroots governance in China. Embeddedness theory can reflect the internal structure and complex interaction form of the integration between the state and society. Under the logic of differentiated administrative resource allocation, the state embeddedness embodied in grassroots governance is mainly manifested in two forms: institutional embeddness under the leadership of the CPC with social capital. From the perspective of embedded governance, this study examines the differentiated implementation of state embeddedness. Through field research in several communities belonging to 6 different sub-districts in J City, N City and B City with different administrative ranks, using interview and typological analysis as the main research methods, this study summarizes different governance models that implemented. The study found that although Grid-based governance has been used as a routine method in urban grassroots affairs, due to different adoption periods, different development levels, and different economic and social resources, in actual governance activities, sub-district offices and communities tend to adopt differentiated means to integrate social resources and mobilize residents. During this process, full-time staff of grid and third-party professional forces represented by formal institutional forces, as well as flexible groups represented by building chief (Loudongzhang) and volunteers, all played an important role in daily routine, contributing to different mechanisms of state embeddedness. Through comparative analysis of different cases, it can be concluded that the level of institutionalized embeddedness is relatively high when economic capital is relatively abundant, and the form of state embeddedness is mainly reflected in full-time staff and professional third-party forces that rely on institutionalized operations; In the case of relatively abundant social capital, governance activities are to a certain extent shared by the social network of CPC and its active members. In the networked embeddedness mainly relying on informal institutions, the substitution effect of the embeddedness of the political party on the embeddedness of the state has been realized to a large extent.
