本文主要内容是在现象学技术哲学的视域对现代技术系统中赛博格化现象进行解释。赛博格原本是一个星际航行研究中的工程学设想，即使用现代技术对人体进行改造，以提高人体对恶劣环境的适应。经过几十年的发展，无论是作为治疗性的医学和个性化身体改造领域都已经存在了一些赛博格案例。以哈拉维为代表的文化批评学者将赛博格视为一种政治身份，并发展出一系列关于赛博格的伦理学和政治学问题。但是赛博格是一种未完成的技术，赛博格概念本身也具有相当的含混性。在技术史的视角下，赛博格尚未真实存在，真实存在自然人成为赛博格的过程，即人的赛博格化。人类拥有自然与技术的双重起源，始终与技术共同进化。诸多的技术并非是彼此孤立的，而是共同组成了统一的技术系统。技术系统与社会系统总是相互作用，最终趋向平衡。因此，为了实现新的平衡，人类不得不用技术改造原初的身体，命运性地开始赛博格化的进程。斯蒂格勒通过改造海德格尔的实际性概念，使得技术具有了时间性，将集置重新解释为一种具体的现代技术体系，与此同时，斯蒂格勒拓展义肢理论建立了广义器官学，从技术学的角度证明了技术系统是可以从内部改变的，而这为逆转命运性的技术时间提供了可能。斯蒂格勒的技术哲学遗憾地忽视了身体的维度，通过引入梅洛-庞蒂的身体现象学，本文重新梳理了身体图示具有含混性、意向性和历史性这三个特性。借鉴斯蒂格勒重新解释康德图式概念的思路，我们将论证梅洛-庞蒂的身体图式也具有义肢性。进一步地，本文将斯蒂格勒的技术哲学与梅洛-庞蒂身体现象学的相互融合，通过对在肉身的重新阐释，认为人的赛博格化的过程就是现代技术的道成肉身过程。人的赛博格化的两个后果，分别是动物化和无产阶级化。赛博格像动物一样麻痹于被集置支配的技术社会系统，人的赛博格化就是人的动物化。斯蒂格勒将人类被技术系统去知识化去技能化的过程称之为无产阶级化。自工业革命开始，人类逐渐失去如何工作的能力、失去如何生活的能力以及失去如何思考的能力，而赛博格化可以作为人的无产阶级化的第四个阶段。斯蒂格勒将熵视为人类失去知识的程度，即无产阶级化的程度。为了实现逆人类世，斯蒂格勒倡导构建以贡献式经济为代表的负熵技术系统，本文也在此基础上提出了逆赛博格化的实践方案。但是，无论是逆人类世还是逆赛博化，本质都是对现代性和现代技术系统的克服。这种克服不只是一个哲学问题，更是一个复杂的政治经济学问题。
The main content of this dissertation is to explain the cyborgization of humans in modern technological systems from the perspective of phenomenological philosophy of technology. Cyborg was originally an engineering idea in astronavigation, which used modern technology to modify the human body to improve its ability to withstand harsh environments. After decades of development, both as therapeutic medicine and in the field of personalized body modification, there have been some cases of Cyborg. Scholars of cultural criticism, represented by Haraway, regard Cyborg as a political identity and develop a series of ethical and political issues about Cyborg. But Cyborg is an unfinished technology, and the concept of Cyborg itself is quite ambiguous. From the perspective of history of technology, Cyborg has not really existed yet, but the process of natural persons becoming Cyborg exists, namely the cyborgization of human beings. Human beings have a dual origin of nature and technology, and have always co-evolved with technology. Many technologies are not isolated from each other, but together form a unified technical system. Technical systems and social systems always interact and eventually tend to balance. Therefore, in order to achieve a new balance, human beings have to transform the original body with technology, and fatefully start the process of cyborgization. By transforming Heidegger‘s concept of facticity, Stiegler made technology time-sensitive and reinterpreted set-placement as a concrete modern technical system. From the perspective of technology, it proves that the technical system can be changed from within, and this makes it possible to reverse the fateful technological time. Stiegler‘s philosophy of technology regrettably ignores the dimension of the body. By introducing Merleau-Ponty‘s phenomenology of the body, this dissertation reorganizes the three characteristics of body schema: ambiguity, intentionality and historicity. Drawing on Stigler‘s reinterpretation of Kant‘s concept of schema, we will argue that Merleau-Ponty‘s body schema is also prosthetic. Further, after integrating Stigler‘s philosophy of technology with Merleau-Ponty‘s phenomenology of the body, and through the reinterpretation of the physical body, this dissertation believes that the process of human cyborgization is the process of modern technology‘s incarnation. The two consequences of human cyborgization are animalization and proletarianization. The cyborg is paralyzed in the technical social system controlled by the set like an animal, and the cyborgization of human beings is the animalization of human beings. Stigler called the process of deknowledge and deskilling of human beings by technological systems proletarianization. Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, human beings have gradually lost the ability of how to work, how to live and how to think. And cyborgization can be regarded as the fourth stage of the proletarianization of people. Stiegler sees entropy as the degree to which humanity loses knowledge, that is, the degree of proletarianization. In order to realize the a Neg-Anthropocene, Stigler advocated the construction of a negative entropy technology system represented by a contribution economy, and this dissertation also proposed a practical plan for Neg-cyborgization on this basis. However, whether it is Neg-anthropocene or Neg-cyberization, the essence is to overcome modernity and modern technological systems. This overcoming is not just a matter of philosophy, but a complex matter of political economy.
