本文以士大夫群体的党争、宋廷对国是的争论以及宋金议和进展为线索，研究宣和末至绍兴和议缔结之间（1125-1142）赵宋政权的崩溃与重建史。党争与政权起伏相始终。宣和内禅（1126）后，宋钦宗在揽权过程中形塑并打击了李纲等“靖康名士”之党。在亡国祸变中，作为靖康名士政敌的臣僚多沦为围城士大夫，与元帅府僚属一道劝进高宗。建炎元年（1127）李纲等名士入朝攘去围城士大夫，旋即失势。此后至绍兴四年（1134），政权核心是以元帅府僚属为基盘、陆续吸收围城士大夫发展起来的臣僚，后期即吕颐浩集团，期间靖康名士曾借秦桧与吕颐浩争权，但未能成功。绍兴五年赵鼎、张浚秉政后，随着旧矛盾淡化与“兼收并用”的推行，士大夫间的矛盾渐趋和缓。至绍兴十年，和战之争再度引起宋廷内部对立，秦桧在高宗支持下肃清异议，建立起专权体制。作为最高政治纲领的“国是”在此期间几经变动。靖康时宋廷未暇议定国是，至建炎初李纲正式提出“自治”。李纲失势后，高宗君臣对时局未有系统论述，后又笃信和议，终致南渡（1129）。随后高宗在东南重拾“自治”，直至绍兴八年（1138），宋廷的政策实践都被统摄在“自治”框架内。绍兴八年宋金议和渐成，高宗为平息内部对和议的疑虑推行兼容“和议”与“自治”的折衷路线，仍维持着“自治”躯壳。在随后的议和波折中，和战之间再无调和余地，高宗最终在绍兴十年（1140）将“和议”确立为不可动摇的国是。作为南北对峙格局形成标志的绍兴和议有着十余年前史。钦宗在城破后向金称臣的和议虽然破产，但“渊圣旧约”是此后宋金议和的重要参照。建炎初高宗本可接续旧约，但却决策失当激怒粘罕，使金国决意灭宋，追袭高宗并册立刘豫。在认识到无法灭宋后，金国借南归的秦桧向高宗提出“三国共存”的和议框。绍兴二年，以“三国共存”为框架的宋金议和恢复，但高宗仅将其作为“自治”之一端，终在绍兴四年正式与伪齐决裂，追求宋金两国讲和。面对随后宋廷对齐的攻势与对金的祈请，金国废黜伪齐与宋讲和，最终形成了绍兴和议。

After the Xuanhe Abdication, Li Gang and Wu Min praised the policy of staying and achieved success. However, in the process of Emperor Qinzong consolidating his power, a "clique" led by Li Gang was shaped, which was the so-called "Jingkang celebrities" in the early Southern Song Dynasty. Later, when the capital fell, the Emperor Qinzong surrendered to the Jurchen. However, due to the intensification of the contradiction between the two generals, the negotiation collapsed, and the Song Dynasty was deposed . The Besieged Scholar-bureaucrat（围城士大夫） group was formed at this time, and the unfinished treaties at the end of Jingkang became an important reference for the later reconstruction of North-South relations by Emperor Gaozong.After the Besieged Scholar-bureaucrat and the officials of the Marshal‘s Office Staff established Gaozong, Li Gang and his followers introduced by Gaozong began to liquidate the Besieged Scholar-bureaucrats and put forward the Political Consensus（国是） of "Zizhi(自治)". Due to the rapid loss of power of Li Gang and others, there is no opportunity to implement the " Zizhi " strategy. Gaozong and the marshal‘s office staff did not abandon the war, which made the Jin lose trust in Gaozong, established the policy of destroying the Song Dynasty, and established Liu Yu as the emperor after expelling Gaozong to the south.After 1130, Gaozong gained a breathing opportunity, and began to promote the "Zizhi" policy in the southeast. The imperial court took the occupation of Huainan and the settlement of Jiankang as its priority. The so-called Lv Yihao‘s Northern Expedition and Lv Qin‘s Struggle did not break away from the framework of Zizhi. The bureaucratic group on which Emperor Gaozong relied at this time was the "Lv Yihao Group", which grew up on the basis of the marshal‘s office staff. The Jingkang celebrities relied on Qin Hui failed to force Lv Yihao to step down.After 1132, the Song and Jin tried to negotiate peace under the framework of "coexistence of the three countries", but the Song court did not really believe in the treaty. In 1134, Emperor Gaozong broke with Qi, and the negotiation activities turned into a low tide. The Song court entered the stage of focusing on war and destroying Liu Yu, pursuing peace with the Jin State. Internally, the Song Dynasty, while creating the "Xiaoyuanyou"（小元祐） atmosphere, carried out the Pacify Policy（兼收并用之策） to bridge the contradiction between scholar-officials. In the second half of 1137, driven by the internal and external situation, Gaozong turned to to negotiate with Jin, and "Zizhi" as the stage of Political Consensus came to an end.After 1138, the Treaty has met the conditions for turning the assumption into reality, while Gaozong and the two prime ministers tried to achieve a Compromise Route（折衷路线） compatible with "Zizhi" and " Peace Agreement ". At the same time, the changes in the internal situation of the Jin State led Emperor Xizong to adopt a more severe attitude towards Song than Talan, which led to the upsurge of anti-capitulation sentiment in the Song Dynasty, and the Compromise Route lost its living space. Gaozong and Qin Hui, who advocated peace talks, abandoned the Compromise Route to make peace with the Jin State, and regarded the " Peace Agreement " as the Political Consensus that dominated the "Zizhi".