本文选取主流经济学思想中三种有代表性的工资决定理论，将其与马克思比较并进行评析。供求决定理论认为，工资是劳动作为商品在市场上出售的价格，工资的数量由对劳动的供给和需求决定。要素回报理论认为，工资是劳动作为生产要素之一参与生产过程的回报，工资的数量由劳动的边际产出的市场价值决定，人力资本理论的工资观点也具有将工资视为劳动的回报的特征。信息、偏好、博弈工资理论包含议价工资理论、补偿工资理论、搜寻工资理论、效率工资理论、歧视工资理论等各种派别，综合来看信息、偏好、博弈工资理论认为，工资是劳动者与资本家基于偏好与信息进行博弈的结果，影响工资数量的包括议价能力、工作条件区别、信息成本、工资与劳动生产率关系、歧视现象等因素。 基于与马克思的工资理论比较，本文认为供求决定理论在视雇佣劳动关系为等价交换、对整个经济体的劳动力市场和局部的劳动力市场应用相同规律忽视区别、认为失业现象是特殊情况、对劳动力的两种计量都忽视工作日长度过长的可能、认为买方垄断是特殊情况、分析停留于局部静态均衡等方面存在局限性；要素回报理论在认为资本主义雇佣劳动关系是公平分配、边际生产力计量方法忽视分别计算的边际生产力总和小于总产出、人力资本理论将工资“资本化”但劳动者只能在雇佣劳动关系中得到回报等方面的局限性；信息、偏好、博弈理论具有只考虑其他变量理想化下影响工资水平的因素，没有考虑现实中博弈框架的形成，也没有考虑劳动者与资本家的博弈背后的资本主义生产关系的局限性。 三种工资理论分别从整个市场层次、单个企业生产过程层次、个人层次分析了工资决定的问题。从马克思出发，本文认为三种工资理论对工资的“质”的判断都停留在现象层面，是资本主义雇佣劳动关系在不同层次的投影，对“量”的计量虽然能对某一个层次的工资水平变化规律与影响因素进行描述，对认识现实中的经济关系有一定意义，但对工资的“量”的计量停留在局部的、现象的层次。

Based on Karl Marx‘s Das Kapital and its manuscripts, using comparative research method, typical analysis method, ＂essence＂ and ＂quantity＂ analysis method, this paper introduces three representative wage determination theories in mainstream economics: supply and demand theory, factor return theory and individual choice theory, and compares them with Marx‘s wage theory then analyze. Supply and demand theory claims that wages are the price at which labor is sold as a commodity in the market, and the amount of wages is determined by the supply and demand for labor. Based on Marx, this paper argues that supply and demand theory has several limitations in such aspects as treating the employment labor relations as an exchange of equivalents, applying the same law to the labor market of the whole economy and the local labor market ignoring the difference, thinking that unemployment is a special case, ignoring the possibility of excessively long working days in both measures of labor force, thinking that the buyer‘s monopoly is a special case, the analysis stays in the partial static equilibrium and other aspects. Factor return theory holds that wages are the return of labor participating in the production process as one of the production factors, and the amount of wage is determined by the market value of the marginal output of labor. Human capital theory also thinks wages are the return of labor as a factor to some extent. Based on Marx, this paper argues that the factor return theory has limitations in such aspects as treating the employer-labor relations in capitalism as fair distribution, ignoring the sum of the marginal productivity calculated separately is less than the total output, and the human capital theory ＂capitalizes＂ wages, but laborers can only get returns in the employer-labor relations. Individual choice theory inherits the viewpoints of various new wage theories, such as bargaining wage theory, compensation wage theory, search wage theory, efficiency wage theory and discrimination wage theory. In summary, individual choice theory believes that wages are the result of workers‘ choices based on preferences and information under the market framework. Factors that affect the amount of wages include bargaining power, differences in working conditions, information cost, the relationship between wages and labor productivity, discrimination and so on. Based on Marx, this paper argues that the theory of individual choice only considers the factors that affect the wage level under the idealized condition of other variables, without considering the formation of the choice framework in reality and the limitations of the capitalist relations of production behind the choice of laborers. The three wage theories analyze the problem of wage determination from the whole market level, the enterprise level and the individual level. On the whole, this paper holds that the judgment of the ＂essence＂ of wages by the three wage theories is phenomenal, which is the projection of capitalist employer-labor relations at different levels. In terms of the measurement of ＂quantity＂, although it can describe the rule of changes and influencing factors of wages at a certain level, and is of certain significance for understanding economic relations in reality. But the measurement of wages remains at the price level without entering the value level.