社会信用关系是社会发展的条件和基础，在不同历史条件下被形塑为适应时代发展的不同结构特征。社会信用关系的形变与社会普遍交往间的复杂关系在科技、法律与道德的中介作用下展开。随着数字技术的发展，特别是作为“信任机器”的区块链的产生直接改变了社会信用关系的生成机制，成为影响社会发展的重要力量。因此，需要把握区块链与法律及道德间的关系，辩证阐述区块链对社会信用关系的作用这一本质问题。以历史唯物主义理论为指导，通过比较法、归纳演绎法和跨学科研究方法，从理论透视、问题引领、现实回应、社会重构四个方面展开对区块链与信用关系的研究，从生产关系的维度将社会主义范畴引入由区块链生成的信用机制中，提出“自由人联合”式的新型信用关系构想。全面解析区块链在社会信用关系构建中的作用，提高主体在信用活动中的自主性，由技术、法律与道德三维共建社会信用机制，促进经济、政治、社会领域间信用循环。在此构想之上，结合中国特色社会主义发展需要与优势提出中国特色社会主义新型信用体系的构建路径。通过对基于区块链的社会信用关系的辨证分析、理论构想和实践生成，本研究提出如下观点：第一，现代社会的信用问题指向维持社会秩序的中心化系统，在数字社会中存在着平台信用系统失范、政府信用系统失衡以及虚拟主体信用失真等表征性问题，究其原因则是资本支配、权力错配和道德价值的缺失。第二，为突破中心化信用关系困境，分权、民主、自由的去中心化信用兴起。区块链在点对点网络、共识算法、智能合约、密码算法等技术支撑下，从微观上数据真实性和宏观上数据自主确权两个方面为去中心化的组织形式提供秩序。第三，区块链的作用有其双重性，虽然在效率和成本方面具有工具性优势，但是区块链的技术属性也带来计算信用、隐私泄露和代码失效等局限性，而且信用关系的价值理性在技术的“去信任”化中被遮蔽。第四，针对中心化和去中心化是生产关系在信用交往中的表征性结构，提出“自由人联合”式新型信用关系构想，利用区块链在数字身份、数字承诺和数字活动中的作用形成自主性信用结构，结合法律信任、道德信任和技术信任共同作用，围绕经济、政治和社会交往形成互相促进的信用循环。第五，在中国特色社会主义背景下构建新型信用关系，将其纳入数字经济、数字政府和数字社会构建中，发挥公有制经济、党的领导以及社会主义核心价值观优势，构建社会主义新型信用体系。

Social credit relationship is the condition and foundation for social development, and it has been shaped into different structural characteristics that adapt to the development of the times under different historical conditions. The complex relationship between the deformation of social credit relationship and general social interaction is unfolded under the mediating impact of science and technology, law and morality. With the development of digital technology, especially the emergence of blockchain as a “ trust machine ”, it has directly changed the generation mechanism of social credit relations and become an important force affecting social development. Therefore, it is necessary to grasp the relationship between blockchain and law and morality, and dialectically explain the essential issue of the impact of blockchain on social credit relations. Guided by the theory of historical materialism, through comparative law, inductive deduction and interdisciplinary research methods, the research on the relationship between blockchain and credit is carried out from four aspects: theoretical perspective, problem guidance, realistic response and social reconstruction, and the socialist category is introduced into the credit mechanism generated by blockchain from the dimension of production relations, and a new type of credit relationship concept of “ association of freeman ” is proposed. Comprehensively analyze the impact of blockchain in the construction of social credit relationships, increase the autonomy of entities in credit activities, jointly establish social credit mechanisms in three dimensions of technology, law, and morality, and promote credit cycles between economic, political, and social fields. On this concept, combined with the needs and advantages of the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the construction path of a new type of credit system of socialism with Chinese characteristics is proposed. Through the dialectical analysis, theoretical conception and practice generation of blockchain-based social credit relationship, this study puts forward the following views: First, the credit problem in modern society points to the centralized structure of organizational operation, and there are such characteristic problems as platform credit system dysfunction, government credit imbalance and virtual subject credit distortion in the digital society, and the reason is the capital control, power mismatch and lack of moral value. Second, in order to break through the dilemma of centralized credit model, decentralized credit with decentralization, democracy and freedom has emerged. With the support of peer-to-peer networks, consensus algorithms, smart contracts, cryptographic algorithms and other technologies, blockchain provides order for decentralized organization forms from two aspects: micro data authenticity and macro data autonomy confirmation. Third, the impact of blockchain has its duality, although it has instrumental advantages in efficiency and cost, but the technical attributes of blockchain also bring limitations such as computing credit, privacy leakage and code failure, and the value rationality of credit relationships is obscured in the “ trustlessness ” of technology. Fourth, in view of centralization and decentralization as the symbolic structure of production relations in credit exchanges, this paper puts forward the concept of “ association of freeman ” new credit relations, uses the impact of blockchain in digital identity, digital commitment and digital activities to form an autonomous credit structure, and combines legal trust, moral trust and technical trust to form a mutually reinforcing credit cycle around economic, political and social exchanges. Fifth, building a new type of credit relationship under the background of socialism with Chinese characteristics, incorporates it into the construction of digital economy, digital government and digital society, giving full play to the advantages of the public ownership economy, party leadership and socialist core values, and building a new type of socialist credit system.