近年来随着自闭症谱系诊断人数持续增多，社会各界给予自闭症群体越来越多的关注，自闭症相关领域如精神病学、心理学、行为科学、神经科学等逐步开展研究。针对自闭症人群的空间设计关注在近二十年里形成，由于自闭症谱系群体有着差异化的神经感官系统，进而会影响他们的环境认知与行为机制，反映出这类群体不同寻常的空间使用规律，对这部分特征规律的研究构成了建筑学与城市空间的议题。 目前自闭症相关建筑与城市理论仍处于发展初期，并以西方研究为主体，国内密切关注自闭症群体空间使用特征的有关研究非常稀缺。本研究全面梳理了西方自闭症友好型建筑与城市空间相关设计策略和设计方法，从各建筑师学者开展的相关空间实验和项目实践中提炼出共性原则，并总结该领域理论发展的不同阶段和未来趋势。基于已有成果，研究构建了多类型多层级的自闭症友好型设计理念，包含学校机构类建筑、住宅、户外空间，以及新兴的自闭症友好型城市空间规划与设计。理解大部分自闭症人士的行为症状及思维方式是为他们进行空间设计的前提，本研究还梳理了关于自闭症参与式设计方法的相关理论总结。为了更准确地获得自闭症用户的感官偏好和空间需求信息，打开与自闭症家庭及相关从业人员的沟通渠道，国外不少建筑师和研究团队开展了自闭症参与式设计方法的实践探索，包括开发增强表达型的感官设计工具等。最后通过珠海横琴社区概念设计，从城市、社区组团、建筑单体以及模块设计等多个维度进行思考探索，加深对自闭症友好型设计理念的解读，表达对自闭症这一边缘群体可以在充满包容友好的特色社区中幸福生活的美好愿望。
In recent years, as the number of people diagnosed with ASD has continued to increase, all sectors of society have paid more and more attention to autism groups. More and more research has been carried out in these autism-related fields such as psychiatry, psychology, behavioral science, neuroscience and so on. The focus on spatial design for people with autism has been formed in the past two decades. Because of their non-typical neurosensory systems, which will affect their environmental cognition and behavioral patterns, their preference and usage of spaces are unusual, to figure out this part of spatial characteristics constitutes the goal of autism-friendly architecture and urban space study.So far autism-related architecture and urban theories are still in their early stages, with Western research as the main body, while domestic research on design for autistic groups is very scarce. This study comprehensively sorts out the design strategies and design methods related to autism-friendly buildings and urban spaces, extracts common principles from relevant space experiments and project practices carried out by various architects and scholars, and summarizes the different stages of theoretical development and the future trend in this topic. The research has constructed a multi-type and multi-level autism-friendly design concept, including school institutional buildings, residences, outdoor spaces, and new emerging autism-friendly urban planning and design. In order to obtain more accurate information about autistic users’ sensory preferences and spatial needs, open up communication with more autistic families and stake-holders, many architects and research teams have been exploring participatory design methods for autism, including the development of sensory design tools that enhance their expression of feelings. At last this paper shows an conceptual design of an Autism Community in Hengqin, Zhuhai, with the good wishes that the autism groups could lead a fulfilled living in a safe and friendly community.
