十九世纪工业革命推动建造技术向天空发展，二十世纪八十年代以前的高层住宅建筑，已接近设计使用年限，将进入问题高发期。另外，在中国城市化成长期，暴力拆除未到使用寿命的建筑极为普遍，致使生命周期提前结束。建筑生命周期不可持续有其存在的历史性和必然性。接近生命周期年限的高层建筑对城市可持续发展提出严峻挑战，短命建筑造成了严重资源浪费。基于以上两个问题，从建筑生命周期的设计阶段开始，进行相应的探索与研究。以可持续的视角看待发展中的城市，高层建筑应该处于可以优化和调整的良性循环状态，向更长的生命周期蜕变。而本文研究对象高层住宅生命周期问题直面社会性、高密度、长寿化三重挑战，探索一种惠及大众的城市居住建筑类型。本文提出研究概念“建筑生命周期”，综合考虑建筑自身的使用年限、各物理要素自然寿命，以及设计、使用、维护、更新等不同阶段的动态影响，寻找高层住宅生命周期的最大公约数。因此，研究首先回溯并梳理了相关概念的历史脉络，发展到现阶段出现的生命周期现状问题，并结合中国特定国情和城市发展的特殊时期，分析原因。与此同时，指出目前延长高层住宅使用生命的发展趋势和技术条件，为提出具体的解决方法做铺垫。通过对高层住宅建筑生命周期的讨论，研究展开解读了高层建筑“生命周期”相关设计方法，三个方面依次为延长建筑物理生命、匹配建筑生命过程、促成建筑生命转化，与之对应提出硬件长寿化、功能适应化、使用后转型化，按照其各自在建筑生命周期内的影响跨度长、中、短，提出三条具体建筑设计方法，以案例展开探讨共九条设计应变策略。最后，结合重庆千厮门地块出租住宅组屋项目方案，将优化生命周期的思想前置于建筑设计阶段，在实际地段、自然条件、城市需求的约束下，提供具有更长生命周期的住宅建筑设计建议，回答可持续发展命题。
The industrial revolution in the 19th century promoted the development of construction technology to the sky. High-rise residential buildings before the 1980s were approaching their design service life and would enter a period of high incidence of problems. During the growing period of China‘s urbanization, violent demolition of buildings that have not yet reached their design working life is extremely common, resulting in the premature end of the life cycle. The unsustainable life cycle of architecture has certain historical and inevitable factors.High-rise buildings approaching the end of their life cycle pose severe challenges to urban sustainable development, and short-lived buildings cause serious waste of resources. Based on the above two problems, the corresponding exploration and research are carried out starting from the design stage of the building life cycle. Looking at the developing city from a sustainable perspective, high-rise buildings should be designed in a virtuous circle that can be optimized and adjusted, and transform to a longer life cycle. The research object of this paper is the life cycle of high-rise residential buildings, facing the triple challenges of sociality, high density, and longevity, and exploring a type of urban residential building that benefits the public.This research puts forward the concept of "building life cycle", comprehensively considers the service life of the building itself, the natural life of each physical architectural element, and the dynamic influence of different stages such as design, use, maintenance, and renewal, to find the greatest common divisor of the life cycle of high-rise residential buildings.Therefore, this paper first traces the historical evolution of related concepts, develops to the current situation of the life cycle at this stage, and analyzes the reasons in light of China‘s specific national conditions and the special period of urban development. At the same time, it points out the development trend and technical conditions of prolonging the service life of high-rise residential buildings, and paves the way for specific solutions.Based on the discussion of the life cycle of high-rise residential buildings, this paper interprets several dimensions that affect the "life cycle" of high-rise buildings through architectural design methods, which are prolonging the physical life of buildings, matching the life process of buildings, and promoting the transformation of building life. Accordingly, the entity longevity, functional adaptation, and post-use transformation are proposed. Considering different parts of building life cycle has different spans range from long, medium, to short, this paper suggests three specific architectural design methods for each proposal, and a total of nine design strategies are used to optimize building life cycle feasibility. Finally, applied in the project of Chongqing Qiansimen Area Rental Apartment, the idea of optimizing the building life cycle is placed in the architectural design stage, and under the constraints of the actual site, natural conditions, urban contexts, and practical requirements, to ensure the long-lived high-rise buildings. This paper explores the design proposals to answer sustainable development propositions in the long run.
