新中国成立初期1949-1965年的清华大学是国家发展建设、高等教育体系建立和建筑思想理论变化脉络的一个交点，集中展现了国家意志和计划的统一指导下，由校内师生主持的校园设计在多变的政治和思想背景下不断尝试和探索的成果。本文以1949-1965年清华大学校园规划与建筑为研究对象，探究时代背景、校园规划、建筑设计和规划设计者之间的关系，从而较为全面地把握校园空间发展演变的特点、因果、关联和影响。对这一时期的对清华大学校园的相关研究，多为校史层面的总叙或更为关注清华校园整体规划层面，而对校园空间营建和建筑设计及其与关联因素的系统梳理较为有限，许多基础信息和历史细节仍有大量探讨研究的空间。本文希望对这些校园规划和建筑的历史信息和设计细节梳理整合，结合国家意志干预的宏观视角，参与设计的校园机构与师生的具体视角，对这一时期的校园规划和建筑进行一个全面、细致的认识和分析，也为对同时期的相关研究提供一个极富代表性的具体案例。本文首先联系高等教育改革历程和苏联模式本身，梳理清华大学的办学和制度的发展与变革，厘清期间校园版图的扩张历程和铁路东迁这一影响校园东扩的核心事件始末；然后分析1954年和1960年两次校园整体规划的条件背景、规划方法、内容特点和后续影响，联系对比同时期大学规划，探究清华规划的核心特征和前后关联。其次结合史料和图纸细节，对全面学苏、调整探索和计划统一性三个核心特质选取建筑单体案例进行专题性论述，分别梳理其设计条件、总图布局、功能策划、设计过程、施工情况和后续评价，并着重总结以上内容对章节专题的某一侧面的反映与关联。文章结论部分联系规划设想与建设实际、联系前后时期的纵向比较，定量梳理校园建设规模，定性总结校园空间形态演变历程。最后总结在国家意志主导下，自上而下地影响校长决断、主持设计师生创作思想与理念传递的过程，造成校园规划和建筑设计对苏联模式从遵循到反思的偏离，清华校园可以说成为高等教育理念与制度变革的试验场和师生主持设计锻炼成长的实践场。而在清华大学转为多科性工科大学后，学科设置、办学水平与校园空间相互促进发展，在空间上极大扩张了校园范围，新区的轴线和空间秩序，对旧区的尊重、创新和联系，整体发展的功能分布格局等重大原则都在这一时期得以确定。

Tsinghua University from 1949 to 1965 in the early days of the founding of New China was an intersection of the development and construction of the country, the establishment of the higher education system and the changes in architectural thought and theory. It concentrated on the campus design hosted by teachers and students under the unified guidance of the national will and plan. The result of constant experimentation and exploration in changing political and intellectual contexts.This paper takes the campus planning and architecture of Tsinghua University from 1949 to 1965 as the research object, and explores the relationship between the background of the times, campus planning, architectural design and planners, so as to comprehensively grasp the characteristics, cause and effect, correlation and relationship between the development and evolution of campus space. Influence. The relevant research on the Tsinghua University campus during this period is mostly a general narrative at the level of school history or more concerned with the overall planning of the Tsinghua campus, while the systematic review of campus space construction and architectural design and its related factors is relatively limited. There is still a lot of room for exploration and research on many basic information and historical details. This article hopes to sort out and integrate the historical information and design details of these campus planning and buildings, combine the macro perspective of national will intervention, and the specific perspectives of campus institutions and teachers and students involved in the design, to make a comprehensive and comprehensive analysis of campus planning and architecture during this period. The detailed understanding and analysis also provides a very representative specific case for related research in the same period.This article first connects the reform process of higher education and the Soviet model itself, sorts out the development and reform of Tsinghua University’s school-running system and system, and clarifies the expansion process of the campus territory during the period and the eastward movement of the railway, which is the core event affecting the eastward expansion of the campus; then analyzes the 1954 With the conditions, background, planning method, content characteristics and subsequent influence of the two overall campus planning in 1960, it is compared with the university planning of the same period, and explores the core characteristics and context of Tsinghua‘s planning. Secondly, combined with historical materials and drawing details, the three core characteristics of comprehensive learning, adjustment and exploration, and planning unity are selected for a thematic discussion of single building cases, and their design conditions, general layout, functional planning, design process, and construction conditions are sorted out. and follow-up evaluation, and focus on summarizing the reflection and connection of the above content to a certain aspect of the chapter topic.The conclusion of the article connects the planning assumptions with the actual construction and the longitudinal comparison before and after the period, quantitatively sorts out the scale of campus construction, and qualitatively summarizes the evolution of the campus space form. Finally, it is concluded that under the leadership of the will of the state, the decision-making of the principal is influenced from top to bottom, and the process of presiding over the creative ideas and concept transmission of design students results in the deviation of campus planning and architectural design from following the Soviet model to reflection. The Tsinghua campus can be said to be a higher education institution. A testing ground for educational concepts and system changes and a practice ground for teachers and students to preside over design, exercise and growth. After Tsinghua University turned into a multi-disciplinary engineering university, the discipline setting, school-running level and campus space promoted the development of each other, greatly expanding the scope of the campus in space, the axis and spatial order of the new district, respect for the old district, innovation and Major principles such as connection, functional distribution pattern of overall development, etc. were determined during this period.