全球气候变暖导致的极端气候事件日益增加，为人类及其他生物带来严重影响，是本世纪人类面临的最重大环境挑战。包括中国在内的国际社会广泛关注气候变化，并出台了一系列政策进行应对。城市绿地在碳汇方面具有重要作用，但是其本身在全生命周期过程中也会产生碳排放，包括材料生产、施工及运营维护及拆除回收阶段，且受设计阶段影响很大。城市绿地中，城市滨水绿地对城市增汇、减排具有显著的现实意义与实践价值，但目前关于滨水绿地的减排增汇效能尚待进一步挖掘，相关研究多将水域空间和绿色空间视为独立对象，缺乏基于城市滨水绿地蓝绿耦合特征的碳源碳汇系统研究。本文以昌平新城滨河森林公园为例，基于北京第二道绿化隔离地区的绿色低碳发展要求，从碳中和的角度出发开展研究，探索面向碳中和的城市滨水绿地设计方法。首先整理出城市绿地普遍使用的减碳增汇方法；然后对现有的文献资料进行归纳总结，得到与水相关的，对碳汇、碳源产生影响的因素，并由此归纳出以构建城市绿地雨水与湿地控制管理系统为重要内容的面向碳中和的城市滨水绿地设计方法；之后对景观全生命周期碳源碳汇量化评估相关研究进行综述整理。将上述研究成果与场地特征结合，提出适用于场地的碳中和设计策略，并将策略应用于场地生成规划设计方案；最后使用全生命周期评价方法对场地生命周期的碳源碳汇进行量化评估以及对场地不同降雨情景下雨水系统碳汇情况进行对比，科学理性分析研究场地的减碳增汇途径，检验碳中和策略的有效性。本文提出城市滨水绿地对实现碳中和目标具有重要作用，探索了碳中和背景下城市滨水绿地的规划设计方法，并对设计效果进行量化评估，将定性研究与定量研究相结合。研究结果表明，研究场地在建设之初存在碳源、碳汇失衡的情况，在规划设计阶段介入并采用的水、绿相关设计策略以及其他减碳增汇策略可以帮助减少碳排放、增加碳汇，场地雨水及湿地系统碳汇量与雨水控制管理能力相关。在此方面本文可以为相关研究提供一定参考。
The increasing number of extreme weather events caused by global warming, which have serious impacts on human beings and other organisms, is the most important environmental challenge facing mankind in this century. The international community, including China, is widely concerned about climate change and has introduced a series of policies to deal with it. Urban green space plays an important role in carbon sink, but it also produces carbon emissions in the life cycle process, including material production, construction, operation and maintenance, and demolition and recycling stages, and is greatly affected by the design stage. Among urban green space, urban waterfront green space has practical significance and value for increasing carbon sink and reducing carbon emission. However, at present, the efficiency of carbon emission reduction and sink increase of waterfront green space needs further exploration. Most relevant studies regard water space and green space as independent objects, and there is a lack of carbon emissions and carbon sink system research based on the blue-green coupling characteristics of urban waterfront green space.Taking Changping New Town Riverside Forest Park as an example, based on the green and low-carbon development requirements of the second green belt in Beijing, this paper carries out research from the perspective of carbon neutrality, and explores the design method of urban waterfront green space oriented towards carbon neutrality. Firstly, it reviews the methods of carbon reduction and sink increase commonly used in urban green space. Secondly, it summarizes the existing literature and identifies the water-related factors that affect carbon sink and emissions. From this, it summarized a carbon-neutral urban waterfront green space design method, which takes the construction of urban green rainwater and wetland control and management system as an important content. After that, it summarized and sorted out the relevant researches on the quantitative assessment of landscape carbon emissions and carbon sink in the life cycle. Then, Combining the above research results with the characteristics of the site, carbon neutral design strategies suitable for the site are proposed, and applied to the site generation planning and design scheme. Finally, it uses the life cycle assessment approach to quantitatively evaluate the carbon emissions and sink of the site and compare the carbon sink of the rainwater system under different rainfall scenarios, to test and analyze the site strategies.This paper proposes that urban waterfront green space can contribute to the goal of carbon neutrality, and explores its planning and design methods under this background. It combines qualitative and quantitative research to evaluate the design effect. The results show that there is an initial imbalance of carbon emissions and sink at the study site, which can be improved by adopting water-related design strategies and other carbon management methods during the planning and design stage. The carbon sink of the site rainwater and wetland system depends on its rainwater control and management capacity. This paper can provide some references for related research.
