随着小型模块式反应堆技术的发展，多模块核动力系统逐步成为世界核能技术研究的热点之一。模块式高温气冷堆是小型模块式反应堆的典型代表，其采用紧凑式设计，单堆功率较低，有较低的功率密度和较强的温度反馈等固有安全特点，在保证安全性的前提下通过建成多模块核能系统，从而降低成本、提高发电经济性。模块式高温气冷堆采用“多堆带一机”的多模块方案，即采取多个模块式高温气冷堆产生的过热蒸汽驱动一套汽轮机发电机组的方式。随着模块数量的增加，操纵员的数量没有同步增加，采用“一人控多堆”的操纵员配置方案，即一个操纵员监视和控制多个反应堆，因此需要发展多模块协调控制技术，以提升核电厂自动化水平，降低操纵员操作负荷。目前，多模块协调控制技术的研究与验证工作主要集中在功率运行模式，启动模式下的相关动态建模、控制方案设计，验证与分析等研究尚不充分，亟需发展启动模式下的多模块协调控制方法。论文针对高温气冷堆核电厂启动模式中特有的问题，围绕机组运行模式及工况分析，动态建模，控制方案设计，方案验证与分析开展研究工作，建立一套多模块高温气冷堆核电厂启动模式协调控制方法，能够保证单模块升温，多模块并汽过程机组的稳定运行。主要创新工作如下（1）定义机组运行模式，划分正常运行瞬态工况，通过启动实验验证工况阶段划分的合理性。（2）建立启动模式高温气冷堆核电厂非线性动态模型，提出考虑流容的流体网络理论，具备描述机组启动模式暂态和稳态特性的功能。（3）针对机组单模块启动工况，利用能控性分析、暂态相对增益矩阵计算等控制理论分析工具指导协调控制策略设计，通过数值仿真等手段开展验证与分析。（4）针对机组多模块启动工况提出考虑流容特性的流体网络控制理论。分析系统的无源性。设计自适应控制律保证压力-流量调节过程的稳定，给出系统全局渐近稳定性证明。该控制律适用于单模块升压升温，多模块并汽两种典型启动工况压力-流量的稳定控制。（5）开展启动模式协调控制方法可行性验证，研发硬件在回路仿真验证平台，该平台采用协调控制系统广泛采用的网络通信方式，能够在实时环境下评估控制方法应用于实际的价值。论文研究成果不仅能够支持多模块高温气冷堆核电厂协调控制系统设计与调试，而且对多模块核动力装置控制方案设计具有重要的借鉴和参考价值。发展启动模式多模块协调控制方法能够进一步拓宽方法的适用范围。
With the development of small modular reactor(SMR) technology, the multi-module nuclear power system has gradually become one of the hot spots in the world‘s nuclear energy technology research. The modular high-temperature gas-cooled reactor(mHTGR) is a typical representative of small modular reactors. It adopts a compact design, has low power per reactor, low power density and strong temperature feedback and other inherent safety characteristics. Under the premise of constructing a multi-module nuclear energy system, the cost can be reduced and the power generation economy can be improved. The mHTGR adopts the multi-module scheme of "multiple reactors with one machine", that is, the superheated steam generated by mHTGRs is used to drive a steam turbine generator set. At present, the two-module high-temperature gas-cooled reactor demonstration project HTR-PM Shandong Shidao Bay nuclear power plant (NPP)has been completed and connected to the grid for power generation. On this basis, the number of modules will be further increased to develop multiple mHTGRs commercial NPPs. With the increase of the number of modules, the number of operators did not increase on the same scale. The operator configuration scheme of "one person controls multiple reactors" is adopted, that is, one operator monitors and controls multiple reactors. Therefore, it is necessary to develop multi-module coordination control technology to improve the automation level of nuclear power plants and reduce the operator‘s operating load. At present, the research and verification of multi-module coordination control technology is mainly concentrated in the power operation mode, and the related dynamic modeling, control scheme design, verification and analysis in the start-up mode are insufficient, and it is necessary to develop multi-module coordination control technology in the start-up mode. Aiming at the unique problems in the start-up mode of high-temperature gas-cooled reactor nuclear power plants, this paper conducts research work around operation mode and condition analysis, dynamic modeling, control scheme design, scheme verification and analysis, and establishes a set of multiple mHTGR NPP start-up mode coordination control methods, which can ensure the stable operation of single-module heating and multi-module parallel steam process units. The main innovations are as follows: (1) Define the operation mode of the the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor nuclear power plant, divide the transient operating conditions of normal operation, and verify the rationality of the division of operating conditions and stages through startup experiments. (2) Establish the nonlinear dynamic model of the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor nuclear power plant in the start-up mode, which has the function of describing the transient and steady-state characteristics of the NPP in the low-power operation mode. (3) For the single-reactor start-up condition of a mHTGR NPP, the coordination control strategy is designed on the basis of nonlinear system analysis tools such as controllability analysis and transient relative gain matrix, and numerical simulation verification is carried out. 4) A fluid network control theory with capacity is proposed for multi module startup conditions of mHTGR NPP, and it is applied to two typical start-up conditions of single-module boost heating and multi-module parallel steam, and the feasibility of the method is verified by numerical simulation. (5) Carry out the feasibility verification of the coordination control method in the startup mode, and develop the hardware-in-loop simulation verification platform. This platform uses the network communication method widely used in the coordination control system, and can evaluate the practical value of the proposed control method in the real-time environment.The research results of this paper can not only support the design and commissioning of the coordination control system of multiple mHTGR NPPs, but also have important reference and reference value for the design of multi-modular NPP control schemes. The development of multi-module coordinated control method of start-up mode can further expand the application scope of the method.
