本文以被拐卖妇女的婚姻效力为研究对象，使用比较法与案例分析研究方法，整理了近年来国内外关于婚姻效力的理论研究、法律规定，对我国涉及被拐卖妇女的司法案例进行了分类汇总。针对现行法规定与司法实践中出现的问题，本文提出以下观点：为了更好地保护人身关系中处于弱势地位一方的利益，体现法律自由平等的精神，应当回归“意思欠缺理论”对被拐卖妇女的意思表示进行解释，根据《民法典》第1046条规定，由于被拐卖妇女缺乏实质的结婚合意，被拐卖妇女婚姻效力原则上不成立，但妇女自愿与收买人结婚、共同生活的除外。首先，被拐卖妇女是我国社会存在的特殊社会问题，现行法规定在处理被拐卖妇女婚姻时可能存在漏洞。其一，《民法典》第1042条“禁止买卖婚姻”的规定无法直接适用于拐卖婚，效果不明；其二，将被拐卖妇女与收买人婚姻认定为成立、有效婚姻明显忽视了妇女与收买人之间的不平等地位，既不利于立法精神价值的体现，也不利于妇女合法权益的保护。其三，并非所有被拐卖妇女的婚姻效力都能够适用可撤销婚姻制度，存在的问题如：胁迫的适用范围、除斥期间与举证责任的规定，以及妇女自身缺乏法律知识，不能自行行使权利等。其四，婚姻家庭编司法解释对无效婚姻持封闭性立场，不宜适用无效婚姻处理拐卖婚问题。其次，现有司法案例也暴露出妇女权益保护缺位的问题。本文对700余个相关案例进行了归类与分析。目前，我国法院在审理被拐卖妇女婚姻纠纷案件时，倾向于将完成结婚登记与构成事实婚姻的情况认定为成立有效婚姻。由于举证困难和存在除斥期间规定等原因，没有出现妇女因拐卖受胁迫请求人民法院撤销婚姻的案例，妇女被拐卖也不能当然地导致婚姻登记行政行为无效或撤销。婚姻家庭编司法解释对无效婚姻持封闭性态度，将被拐卖妇女婚姻按照无效婚姻处理的途径是不现实的。最后，本文回顾意思表示解释理论的多层次变迁，认为适用调整一般理性人之间人身、财产关系的意思表示解释理论不利于保护人身关系中弱势群体的利益，为了保护婚姻自由，需回归“意思欠缺理论”，即认为被拐卖妇女内心真意与实际上与收买人缔结婚姻关系并不一致，该意思表示不具有法律效力，婚姻因欠缺实质合意不成立。同时，也应当尊重被拐卖妇女的意思自治，在妇女自愿与收买人结婚、共同生活的情况下，法律承认其结婚合意，婚姻成立有效。

This paper takes the validity of the marriage of trafficked women as the research object. This paper uses comparative law and case analysis as the research method. It also retrieves the theoretical research and legal provisions on this topic at home and abroad in recent years. Besides, it classifies and summarizes the judicial cases involving trafficked women in China. Because of the problems revealed in the current civil law and judicial practice, this paper puts forward the following views: To protect the interests of vulnerable groups in the personal relationship and manifest the spirit of freedom and equality. Therefore, the interpretation and application should be on a basis of the theory-- error of the declaration of will put forward by Friedrich Carl von Savigny. According to this theory and Article 1046 of the Civil Code, trafficked women lack the material consent to marry buyers, so the validity of the marriage is not established, except for the women who voluntarily marry and live together with the buyer.First, human trafficking is a special social problem in China. The current law may cause loopholes in dealing with the marriage of trafficked women. I). Article 1042 of the Civil Code stipulates the prohibition of marriage by abduction with the unclear effect that cannot be directly applied to marriage for trafficking; II). The recognition of the marriage between the trafficked woman and the buyers as an established and valid marriage ignores the unequal status between the woman and the buyer, which is neither not conducive to the legislative spirit nor the protection of women. III). Not all trafficked women can request for revocation of their marriage. There are problems such as the interpretation scope of coercion, the scheduled period, and the burden of proof. Most importantly, the majority of trafficked women lack legal knowledge so they cannot exercise their rights. IV). The judicial interpretation holds a closed position on invalid marriage, applying invalid marriage provisions to deal with the problem of marriage trafficking is unreasonable.Secondly, the existing judicial cases also expose problems. This paper classifies and analyzes more than 700 related cases. People‘s courts tend to regard the marriage as established and valid if two parties completed the marriage registration or formed a de facto marriage when they hear the marriage dispute cases of abducted women. Due to the difficulty of proof and the existence of the scheduled period, there are no cases of marriage revocation just because of coerced trafficking. Furthermore, the abduction of women cannot naturally lead to the nullification or cancellation of the administrative marriage registration. And it is unrealistic to treat the marriage of trafficked women as invalid marriage.Finally, this paper reviews the historical changes in the theory of interpretation of the expression of intention. The opinion is that the theories which apply to adjusting property relations between ordinary rational people are not conducive to protecting the interests of vulnerable groups in the personal relationship. So, it is necessary to return our steps and use the theory put forward by Savigny, that is, the true intention of trafficked women is not consistent with the actual marriage relationship between them and the buyer. The expression has no legal force, and the marriage is not established for lack of substantial intention. At the same time, the law should also respect and recognize the real will of trafficked women, which means that if the woman marries and lives together with the buyer voluntarily, the law recognizes her agreement to marry, so the marriage shall be valid. In addition, the law should also provide corresponding remedies and measures to ensure their lives.