《中华人民共和国民法典》在体例上坚持形式主义的立法模式，区分担保物权客体规定了抵押权、质权、留置权的担保物权体系。与此同时，为适应现代财产类型的扩张和交易形式的创新，在担保物权的实质认定上采用了功能主义的立法思路。从立法论的角度出发，功能主义担保立法有利于缓解物债二分体系和物权法定的强约束。本文从解释论的角度出发，探索规范解释与建构功能主义下的担保物权法律制度，希望能够促进学理发展和实务应用。本文在理论层面上凝聚功能主义的一般认识、在实践层面提出功能主义解释的方法论和担保物权功能主义的发展方向，作为担保物权功能主义规范构建的基本命题。功能主义的一般理论方面，功能主义立法肇始于《美国统一商法典》，受到哲学思想和社会学中功能主义理论的影响。功能主义源于十九世纪哲学研究的转向，功能论者弱化形式的重要性，肯定功能的重要意义。社会学家以功能主义的比较研究作为社会学研究的主要方法。法学领域则从对法律本质的研究转向对法律目的的研究。现实主义法学家突破法律概念的形式束缚，促成了功能主义动产担保物权的立法实践。我国担保物权制度一方面继受了功能主义立法的理念，体现了实质正义的法理基础；另一方面坚持成文规范的形式要求，体现了形式主义的法理基础。功能主义规范解释的方法论方面，离不开体系解释、目的解释、限缩和扩大解释等解释方法的运用。在解释上既要贯彻功能主义担保观的要求，又要考虑功能主义解释应用的限度，担保物权一般规则和特殊规则的判断需考虑各种担保类型之间的共性和案件实际情况。由于预留了担保物权制度发展的空间，《民法典》存在法律漏洞，需要进行功能化填补，统一动产担保规则的法秩序。担保物权制度的功能化发展方面，新型担保是担保制度解释与应用必须面对的问题。在对新型财产类型化的基础上，采用功能主义思路，创新公示方式有利于担保规则的完善。实务中担保规则的适用在程序上应由当事人提出相应诉求，当事人有权采用合同法规范等多种方式解决纠纷。通过构建《民法典》+特别法+行政法规+指导性案例的形式推动担保物权法律制度的再体系化，补充制定具体的实施细则有利于理清不同类型物权担保之间的个性差异，推动规则设计的精细化和体系化，促进担保物权制度的实践发展。

Civil Code of the People‘s Republic of China adheres to formalism on the system. According to the types of security objects, security rights are created into mortgage, pledge, and lien. At the same time, in order to adapt to the expansion of modern property and innovation of transaction forms, civil code admits the functionalism on the substantial identification of security interests. From the perspective of interpretation, the standardization and construction of functionalism will promote the development of the security rules, theories and practices to make civil code response to the trend of China‘s economic transformation and the prosperity of international trade. For the purpose, a few basic topics can be extracted to systematical interpretation and normative construction of security rules, such as the universal theory of functionalism, the methodological interpretation of functionalism at the practical level, and the development path of the functionalism of the security rights.Functionalism of security interests, recognized by Unified Commercial Code, was influences by the philosophy and sociology. In the nineteenth century, the scholars of functionalism school underlined the significance of the function. Sociologists use functional method as the main comparative study. In the law, the study of the nature of law transferred to the legal purpose. Realist jurists promote the functionalism of legislative practice from the substantive guarantee view, which have removed the restraint of the concept of legal concepts. On the one hand, the legislative model of civil code has inherited U.C.C’s philosophy which reflects the legal basis of substantial justice; on the other hand, civil code insists the formal requirements, and reflects the legal basis of formalism.The interpretation of the specific rules should be interpreted with comprehensive methods, such as Systematical interpretation, objective interpretation, restriction and expansion of interpretation.For specific explanations, the interpretation of rules on functionalism should be implied properly.In response to the needs of functionalism, the judgments of general rules and special rules should consider the actual situation of different cases. For the development of security rights in the future, Civil Code has legal loopholes such as "authorized loopholes" and "public loopholes". When the rules are interpreted, legal loopholes should be handled with the consideration of functionalism to imply rules uniformly. In the future, new types of guarantee will be united to civil code. Functional method of interpretation is a feasible way to break the restriction of objects. Supplement and formulation of specific implemented rules will contribute to further clarify the applicable rules between various guarantees and the practical development of the system of guarantee property rights.