在新一轮科技革命和产业变革中，技术路径和商业模式具有高度不确定性的新兴产业给全世界的监管者带来挑战。尽管学者们提出了各种政策建议，但各国均远未建立起有效的制度框架，这其中监管者已经作出的探索触发了本文的研究兴趣。既有研究大多从规范出发探讨监管者“应当如何”，本文则立足实践探究监管者“实际如何”。唯此，才能更有针对性地提出新兴产业监管的建议。本文选取中国电子商务平台的监管实践为案例，以国家市场监管总局网络交易监管司为研究对象，提出如下三个研究问题：第一，一个植根于传统监管部门的监管机构如何对一个新兴产业给予监管回应？第二，哪些因素、如何影响监管机构对新兴产业的监管回应？第三，如何解释监管机构前后迥异的监管回应表现？既有研究忽视了监管回应因新兴产业的不确定性而表现出的动态性和复杂性，也忽视了监管机构这一重要行动主体和政府体系内部的复杂性。事实上，政府针对新兴产业的监管也是一个探索未知、解决困惑的过程。鉴于此，将新兴产业的不确定性代入分析，同时运用组织学习的理论视角，便构成了本文的理论定位。本文基于田野和深度访谈获取的一手资料和历史资料，采用纵向案例研究方法，将电商平台监管实践的演进过程划分为三个阶段进行研究。研究发现：新兴产业的监管，本质上是在不确定性下监管机构通过组织学习作出监管回应的过程。不确定性有多种类型，包括源于新兴产业本身的实质不确定性、源于被监管对象与政府体系内其他主体的策略不确定性、源于宏观政策的政策不确定性。监管机构在面对实质、策略和政策不确定性时，通过组织制度逻辑调节意义建构的机制和外部环境限制组织学习主观能动性的机制，采用探索性、互动性和制度性等不同的组织学习模式，从而形成差异化的监管回应。由此，影响监管回应的重要因素包括不确定性类型、监管机构的组织制度逻辑和外部环境对监管机构主观能动性的限制程度。研究贡献上，理论层面，本文将被监管对象的不确定性细分为实质、策略和政策不确定性三种类型，指出不确定性影响监管回应的具体机制；为监管研究提供了组织学习的理论视角；丰富了组织学习理论在公共部门的应用。实证层面，本文获取了详细的访谈和田野资料；揭示了监管机构内部运作的微观机制及其与其他主体互动的微观过程，丰富了对中国监管机构和监管体系的认识与理解。

In this new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, emerging industries with a high degree of uncertainty in technology paths and business models have brought challenges to regulators around the world. Although scholars have put forward various policy suggestions, countries are far from establishing effective institutional frameworks to cope with the challenges. The attempts that have been made by regulators so far constitute the starting point of interest for this study. While most of the existing research has discussed what the regulators “should” do from a normative perspective, this study, based on the actual situation, explores what the regulators have “actually” done from an empirical perspective. Only in this way could we put forward more targeted and grounded policy advice on the regulation of emerging industries.This study selects the practice of China's e-commerce regulation as the research case and the Supervision and Administration Department on Internet Transaction of the State Administration for Market Regulation as the research object, and proposes the following three research questions: First, how does a regulatory agency based in a traditional regulatory system develop regulatory responses to an emerging industry? Second, what factors and how do they affect the regulatory agency’s responses? Third, why does the regulatory agency develop very different regulatory responses before and after?Existing studies have ignored both the dynamics and complexity of regulatory responses due to the uncertainty of emerging industries, as well as the regulatory agency as an important actor and the internal complexity of the government system. In fact, the government's regulation of emerging industries is also a process of exploring the unknown and solving puzzlement. In view of this, including the uncertainty of emerging industries into analysis while using the theoretical perspective of organizational learning constitute the theoretical orientation of this study.Based on first-hand data obtained from the fieldwork and in-depth interviews as well as historical data, this study adopts the method of longitudinal case study to examine the regulatory response process to e-commerce platform economy in three time periods. The research findings are as follows: First, the regulation of emerging industries is essentially an organizational learning process of the regulatory agency under uncertainty. Second, there are various types of uncertainty, including substantive uncertainty about the nature of the emerging industry, strategic uncertainty about the behaviors of regulated objects and other entities within the government system, and policy uncertainty about the orientations of macro policies on regulation. When facing the substantive, strategic, and policy uncertainties, the regulatory agency correspondingly adopts exploratory, interactive, and institutional organizational learning modes, which results in the different regulatory responses we observe in practice. The way the regulatory agency responds to the uncertainties is through two mechanisms: one, the agency’s organizational logics would moderate its sensemaking of the uncertainties; and two, the sources of uncertainties as the external environment restrict the regulatory agency’s subjective initiative of organizational learning. Third, important factors affecting regulatory responses include the types of uncertainty, the organizational logics of the regulatory agency, and the degree to which the external environment restricts the regulatory agency’s subjective initiative.The research contributions of this study are as follows: First, at the theoretical level, this study specifies three types of uncertainty of the regulated object (substantive, strategic, and policy uncertainty), and points out the specific mechanisms through which uncertainty affects regulatory responses; proposes the theoretical perspective of organizational learning for future research on regulation; and enriches the application of organizational learning theory in the public sector. Second, at the empirical level, this study obtains detailed and solid first-hand data from interviews and fieldwork; and reveals the micro-mechanisms of the regulatory agency’s internal operation and the micro-processes of its interaction with other subjects, enriching our knowledge and understanding of China’s regulatory agencies and its regulatory system.