我国政府提出双碳政策解决日益严重的环境问题，企业进行可持续供应链管理迫在眉睫。同时在现实中企业不得不面对两大压力，即环保压力与资金压力。本文围绕核心企业构建全生命周期的可持续供应链管理，主要包含4个部分。首先，针对资金压力下的可持续生产问题，本文提出了成本分摊策略和综合策略等四种改进供应链金融方案，同时考虑了议价能力和乐观偏好的影响，帮助可持续生产的中小企业应对灾害风险及资金约束的双重压力。本文发现，同时分摊固定成本和可变成本的综合策略可以弥补单一策略的不足。其次，针对资金压力下的可持续销售问题，在考虑供应商的可持续促销努力的影响下，本文构建并比较了带回购的银行融资和带返利的贸易信贷等四种供应链金融方案，解决了资金约束的零售商融资需求。本文发现，上述四个方案只能部分协调，为了实现完全协调双方共同决定可持续促销活动。第三，针对环保压力下的可持续销售问题，本文构建并比较了六种场景，包括三种节能改进合作模型（非合作/卡特尔合作/成本分担合作）和两种需求风险分配合同（拉/推合同）的组合，以回答是否合作及如何合作两个问题，从而降低和重新分配了节能需求带来的风险。本文发现，双方对于六种场景持有完全相反的合作偏好。最后，针对环保压力下的可持续生产问题，本文构建了制造商双渠道领导、单渠道领导及双渠道跟随三种分权模式，系统地比较了正向竞争、逆向竞争，解决了面对不同权力结构和双重竞争下的闭环供应链的运作管理问题。本文发现，权力结构决定了如何分配整个系统的盈余，也决定渠道绩效。综上，本文围绕核心企业构建了包括生产-销售-回收的全生命周期可持续供应链管理，同时考虑了灾害风险、乐观偏好、风险分担、双渠道竞争、谈判等诸多要素，核心企业与供应链成员通过不同的合作、竞争、竞合等方式共同处理可持续问题，缓解环保和资金的双重压力，进而全面地提高核心企业可持续供应链管理能力，早日实现双碳目标。
Our government has put forward the "double carbon" policy to solve the increasingly serious environmental problems. It is urgent for enterprises to carry out sustainable supply chain management. In reality, enterprises have to face two pressures, namely, environmental protection pressure and capital pressure. This paper focuses on the core enterprises to build the sustainable supply chain management, which mainly includes four parts.First, aiming at the problem of sustainable sales under environmental protection pressure, this paper constructs and compares six scenarios. This paper answers the two questions of whether to cooperate and how to cooperate, so as to reduce and reallocate the risks caused by energy-saving demand. This paper finds that both firms have completely opposite cooperation preferences for the six scenarios. Second, aiming at the problem of sustainable sales under capital pressure, considering the influence of suppliers' sustainable promotion efforts, this paper constructs and compares four supply chain finance schemes, such as bank financing with buyback and trade credit with rebate, to solve the financing needs of retailers with financial constraints. This paper finds that above four schemes can only achieve partial coordination. To fully coordinate, both parties jointly decide on sustainable promotion activities.Third, aiming at the problem of sustainable production under capital pressure, this paper puts forward four schemes to improve supply chain finance, such as cost sharing strategy and integrated strategy. Considering the impact of bargaining power and optimistic preference, this paper helps small and medium-sized enterprises with sustainable production cope with the dual pressure of disaster risk and capital constraints.Finally, aiming at the problem of sustainable production under the pressure of environmental protection, this paper constructs three decentralization modes. This paper systematically compares forward and reverse competition, and solves the operation management problem of closed-loop supply chain under different power structures and dual competition. This paper finds that the power structure determines how to distribute the surplus of the whole system and channel performance. To sum up, this paper has built a sustainable supply chain management including production, sales and recycling around core enterprises. Core enterprises and supply chain members jointly deal with sustainable issues through different ways of cooperation, competition and coopetiton, to alleviate the dual pressure of environmental protection and capital. Sustainable supply chain management capability of core enterprises has been comprehensively improved.
