我国人口老龄化程度持续加深，给社会经济发展带来严峻挑战。在此背景下，腕带式可穿戴设备以其多功能、低成本和便携性，有潜力成为科技养老系统的重要部分。然而，目前腕带式可穿戴设备在老年人中的采纳度低，并且既缺少对中国老年人可穿戴设备采纳意愿的研究，也缺少关于如何提升采纳意愿的探究。因此，本文探究了中国老年人可穿戴设备的采纳意愿影响因素，从评测框架和压力舒适阈值入手研究了穿戴舒适性，考虑了导航设计和数据呈现设计以改善界面可用性。本文共开展了五个研究。研究一邀请29名无可穿戴设备使用经验的老年参试者初次使用腕带式可穿戴设备，并邀请其中20位在实际生活中持续使用设备四周，结合问卷和访谈，探究在不同的使用阶段，影响老年人采纳意愿的因素以及老年人的使用行为和用户体验的变化。研究二通过72份问卷数据验证腕带式可穿戴设备的穿戴舒适性评测框架，并通过实验研究穿戴舒适性各维度在不同场景（日常和运动）下对于老年人和年轻人的重要性。研究三通过18名老年参试者和18名年轻参试者的实验，研究这两类人群在三种表带材质（氟胶、硅胶和真皮）下的压力舒适阈值。研究四通过43名老年参试者和76名年轻参试者的实验，研究五通过23名老年参试者的实验，分别探究不同的导航设计和基于老年人的生理机能衰退而提出的数据呈现设计UnitDesign对参试者任务绩效和用户体验的影响。研究结果如下。第一，在不同的使用阶段，影响老年人腕带式可穿戴设备采纳意愿的因素不同，使用行为和用户体验也会变化。第二，腕带式可穿戴设备的穿戴舒适性有三个维度：动作舒适、温湿舒适和接触舒适，且动作舒适在日常场景下重要，而温湿舒适在运动场景下重要。第三，本文提供了老年人和年轻人在三种表带材质下的压力舒适阈值范围。第四，分类的导航设计受到老年人和年轻人的偏爱，而应用于丰富的数据时，UnitDesign能显著提升老年人的搜索效率和用户体验。本文研究了不同使用阶段中，老年人采纳意愿影响因素以及使用行为和用户体验的变化，提出了腕带式可穿戴设备穿戴舒适性的评测框架，为可穿戴设备研究提供理论依据和实证研究支持，同时研究了压力舒适阈值和老年人友好的可穿戴设备导航和数据呈现设计，为腕带式可穿戴设备的适老化设计提供了实践建议。
Aging has become an important challenge for the development of China. Due to their functionality, low-cost, and portability, wearable devices were expected to become an essential part of technology-based elderly care systems. However, the adoption of wrist-worn wearable devices among the elderly is not high as expected. What’s more, there is a lack of research focusing on older adults in China, and there is also a lack of theoretical basis and empirical support for the age-friendly design of wearable devices. Therefore, this paper explores the changes in the use behavior and experience of Chinese older adults in the process of adopting wearable devices, investigates the comfort assessment framework and pressure comfort threshold of wrist-worn devices to investigate the comfort of wearable devices, and proposes navigation and data display design of wearable devices to improve the interface usability for older adults.A total of five studies were carried out in this paper. Study 1 invited 29 elderly participants who had no experience in using wrist-worn wearable devices were invited to try wearable devices and 20 of them were then invited to use wearable devices in their real life for four weeks. The changes in usage and user experiences, as well as the influence of product qualities on adoption intentions of wearable devices among older adults were analyzed. Study 2 verified the wearing comfort asssessment framework of wrist-worn wearable devices via 72 questionnaire data, and studied the importance of various dimensions of wearing comfort for the older and young people in two scenarios (daily and sports) through experiments. Study 3 conducted an experiment involving 18 elderly people and 18 young people to investigate the pressure comfort thresholds of these two groups of people when wearing three strap materials (i.e. fluorine rubber, silicone and genuine leather). Study 4 conducted an experiment involving 43 older adults and 76 young adults and Study 5 conducted an experiment with 23 older participants, to explore the effect of different navigation designs and data display design (namely UnitDesign) on task performance and user experience of participants.Our results are as follows. First, older adults’ use behavior and user experience of wearable devices, as well as the impact of product qualities on adoption intention, change with extended use. Second, the wearability of wrist-worn wearable devices has three dimensions: motion comfort, temperature and humidity comfort, and tactile comfort. In the daily scenario, motion comfort is important, while in the exercise scenario, temperature and humidity comfort is important. Third, this paper offers the pressure comfort threshold ranges for older and young people under three strap materials. Fourth, navigation design with classification is favored by both older and young people, and when applied to rich data, UnitDesign can significantly improve the search efficiency and user experience of older adults.This paper explores the adoption process of wearable devices among Chinese older adults, proposes a wearability assessment framework for wristband-worn wearable devices, thereby providing theoretical basis and empirical research support for wearable device research. This paper also investigates pressure comfort threshold and elderly-friendly navigation and data display design of wearable devices, to provide practical suggestions for the aging-friendly design of wrist-worn wearable devices.
