近年来，全球城市化进程势头迅猛，引发交通拥堵、环境污染、交通供需矛盾等城市病。为了提高全世界的城市交通系统可持续发展水平，基于绿色交通的出行方式应运而生。然而，目前国内外主要聚焦于单一城市的居民绿色出行行为研究，跨国城市对比分析仍不充分。在此背景下，选择中国北京市和马来西亚雪隆市为研究对象，深入探究、比较两地居民绿色出行行为的影响因素及差异性。以国际视角展开比较研究，具有重要的意义。首先，在文献综述的基础上，系统性梳理城市居民的出行方式选择，以及城市居民绿色出行行为的国内外研究现状。明确绿色出行的概念与方式界定，并对主要的绿色出行方式进行特点分析。基于计划行为理论，引入绿色出行态度、主观规范、感知行为控制、绿色出行行为意向4个心理因素潜变量，构建城市居民绿色出行行为的结构方程模型，并提出6项研究假设。参考之前学者编制的成熟量表，结合RP+SP方法，进行调查问卷的编制与开发，采集北京市和雪隆市居民绿色出行行为的问卷样本。针对229份北京市问卷数据和248份雪隆市问卷数据，运用SPSS26.0软件进行描述性统计分析。研究发现，在绿色出行行为意向的测量题项中，北京市问卷样本的总体得分均值大于雪隆市问卷样本。再次，采用相关性分析法对各研究变量之间的相关程度进行归纳整理。基于计划行为理论提出的研究假设，获得初步验证，为后续的结构方程模型参数估计，提供分析基础。运用AMOS26.0构建居民绿色出行行为结构方程模型，应用于北京市和雪隆市的实证研究。基于极大似然估计法，通过结构方程路径分析，计算潜变量间的定量关系，识别关键的影响因素。结果表明，北京市模型和雪隆市模型的全部理论假设均得到验证。绿色出行态度、主观规范、感知行为控制，这3个潜变量对北京市和雪隆市居民绿色出行行为意向的解释度，分别为59.5%和57.4%。绿色出行态度、主观规范、感知行为控制对绿色出行行为意向皆有显著的正向相关影响，3个自变量之间存在相互影响的关系。在两种模型中，感知行为控制对绿色出行行为意向影响最大，路径系数值分别为0.726和0.601。影响力其次的变量是绿色出行态度，最弱的是主观规范。相较于北京市模型，雪隆市模型的3条路径系数都略低一些。最后，以北京市模型为例，利用单因素方差法，进行个人属性对潜变量的影响分析。结果证明，潜变量在不同年龄、教育程度、就业状态、私人交通拥有情况的群体中有所差异。根据研究结论，提出促进北京市和雪隆市居民绿色出行行为的策略。
In recent years, the rapid urbanization process in different countries around the world has led to urban diseases such as traffic congestion, environmental pollution, contradictions in traffic supply and demand, which have become an obstacle for urban development. In order to improve the sustainability of urban transportation systems around the world, green transportation-based travel methods have emerged. However, the current studies mainly focus on the green travel behavior of residents in a single city, and the comparative analysis of cross-country cities is still insufficient. Therefore, it is important to select Beijing, China and Klang Valley, Malaysia as the research objects in this paper to explore and compare the influencing factors and differences of residents‘ green travel behavior between the two places in depth.First, based on the literature review, systematically sort out the travel mode choices of urban residents and the current status of domestic and international research on urban residents‘ green travel behavior. The concept and mode of green travel are clearly defined, and the characteristics of the main green travel modes are analyzed. Based on the theory of planned behavior, four latent variables of psychological factors, namely, green travel attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and green travel behavior intention, are introduced to construct a structural equation model of urban residents‘ green travel behavior and propose six research hypotheses. The questionnaire was developed with reference to the established scales developed by previous scholars and combined with the RP＋SP method to collect questionnaire samples of green travel behavior of Beijing and Klang Valley residents. The data from 229 questionnaires in Beijing and 248 questionnaires in Klang Valley were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 software for descriptive statistics. It was found that the mean value of the overall score of the Beijing questionnaire was greater than that of the Klang Valley questionnaire in the measure of green travel behavior. Then, correlation analysis was used to summarize the degree of correlation between the research variables. The research hypotheses proposed based on the theory of planned behavior were initially validated to provide an analytical basis for the subsequent structural equation model parameter estimation.A structural equation model of residents‘ green travel behavior was constructed using AMOS 26.0 and applied to the empirical study in Beijing and Klang Valley. Based on the maximum likelihood estimation method, the quantitative relationships among the latent variables were calculated and the key influencing factors were identified through the structural equation path analysis. The results show that all the theoretical hypotheses of the Beijing model and the Klang Vally model are verified. The three latent variables, green travel attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control, explained 59.5% and 57.4% of residents‘ green travel behavior intention in Beijing and Klang Valley, respectively. Green travel attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control all have significant positive correlations on green travel behavior intention, and there is a mutual influence relationship among the three independent variables. Among the two models, perceived behavior control has the highest influence on green travel behavior intention, with path coefficient values of 0.726 and 0.601, respectively. The next most influential variable is green travel attitude, and the weakest is subjective norm. Compared to the Beijing model, all three path coefficients are slightly lower in the Klang Valley model. Finally, the influence of personal attributes on latent variables was analyzed using the one-way ANOVA method with the Beijing model as an example. Based on the findings of the study, provide suggestions for promoting green travel behavior of residents in Beijing and Klang Valley are proposed.
