苏木精-伊红染色法 ( Hematoxylin-Eosin Staining)，简称HE染色法，是目前应用最广泛的一种细胞染色技术。然而手工HE染色费时费力，当病理切片数量庞大时难以满足检测需求；而且手工HE染色结果的一致性低，易影响标本判读。自动化浸染技术的出现解决了上述弊端，但同时又引发了切片交叉污染的问题。现阶段最先进的自动化染色技术为滴染技术，模仿手工染色对每一张病理切片进行单独染色。但目前国内对滴染技术的研究较少，相关技术和产品多被国外垄断。本论文根据HE染色的流程，首先对系统的整体框架展开研究与设计，设置加热模块、滴染模块与封片模块来实现脱蜡、染色和封片的一体化。研究病理切片的排列方式对系统运行效率的影响，并基于此设计托盘与托盘转移装置。为预防病理切片被烤焦，改进加热模块中模糊PID控制参数论域和模糊规则，使加热模块内实际温度与目标温度差值不超过1 %。为避免切片间的交叉污染，在滴染模块中设计一套独立的试剂分配液路系统。分析试剂分配原理，建立试剂分配系统的数学模型，推导出系统的流动方程，构建系统的等效电路模型。在Simulink中搭建方块图并进行仿真分析。分析等效流阻、等效流感对试剂分配过程的影响，为提高试剂分配的精确度提供指导。推导系统等效流感与等效流阻的计算公式，基于公式采用小直径的液路管道以增大系统等效流阻与等效流感的比值，达到提高试剂分配精确度的目的。针对移除废液问题，研究气刀在其他领域除液的应用，再基于头部组件的尺寸，设计滴染模块内的气刀结构。使用ANSYS Fluent软件对气刀的流场进行仿真，证明气刀结构设计的合理性。通过仿真探究吹气压强与气刀气体流速之间的关系。并通过大量实验探究气体流速、气刀高度、气刀移动速度以及气刀入射角度这四个参数对气刀性能的影响，为增强气刀刮除废液的性能提供理论依据。对封片模块中下放盖玻片速度、封片胶体积和下放盖玻片的力进行多次实验测试，为制成牢固、无气泡、无溢胶的病理切片提供依据。本论文开发了一款集脱蜡、染色和封片于一体的滴染系统。通过使用独立的试剂分配系统和气刀，本系统每小时可以处理100张病理切片，比现有的系统快25 %，试剂使用量可根据需求在0.5 mL~1.5 mL自行调整，比现有的系统至多节省75 %。

Hematoxylin-Eosin Staining, referred to as HE staining, is the most widely used cell staining technology. At present, manual staining cannot deal with a large number of pathological sections. The consistency of manual HE staining results is low. Automatic dip-staining technology solves the above drawbacks, but at the same time causes the problem of cross-contamination of samples. The latest automated staining method at this stage is drip-staining technology, which imitates manual staining to stain each pathological section individually. However, at present, there are few domestic researches on drip-staining technology, and related technologies and products are mostly monopolized by foreign countries.According to the HE staining process, this thesis firstly studies and designs the overall framework of the system, and sets up a heating module, a drip-staining module and a sealing module to realize the integration of dewaxing, staining and sealing. The influence of the arrangement of pathological sections on the operating efficiency of the system was studied, and the tray and tray transfer device were designed based on this. In order to prevent the pathological sections from being scorched, the fuzzy PID control parameter universe and fuzzy rules in the heating module were improved, so that the difference between the actual temperature in the heating module and the target temperature did not exceed 1 %. In order to avoid cross-contamination between sections, an independent reagent distribution liquid circuit system is designed for the drip-staining module. Analyze the principle of reagent distribution, establish the mathematical model of the reagent distribution system, deduce the flow equation of the system, and the equivalent circuit model of the component system. Build a block diagram in Simulink and perform simulation analysis. The effects of equivalent flow resistance and equivalent influenza on the reagent dispensing process were analyzed to provide guidance for improving the accuracy of reagent dispensing. The calculation formulas of the system equivalent flu and equivalent flow resistance are deduced. Based on the formulas, small-diameter liquid pipelines are used to increase the ratio of the system equivalent flow resistance to the equivalent flu, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the reagent distribution accuracy. In view of the problem of absorbing waste liquid, the application of air knife in other fields of liquid removal is studied, and then based on the size of the head assembly, the air knife structure in the drip-staining module is designed. The flow field of the air knife is simulated by ANSYS Fluent, which proves the rationality of the structural design of the air knife. The relationship between the blowing pressure and the air flow rate of the air knife was explored through simulation. And through a large number of experiments to explore the influence of the four parameters of air flow rate, air knife height, moving speed and incident angle on the performance of the air knife, which provides a theoretical basis for enhancing the performance of the air knife to scrape the waste liquid. Several experimental tests were carried out on the speed of lowering the cover glass in the sealing module, the volume of the sealing glue and the force of lowering the cover glass, which provided the basis for making pathological sections with firmness, no bubbles and no glue overflowing.In this thesis, a drip-staining system integrating dewaxing, staining and sealing was developed. By using an independent reagent dispensing system and air knife, the system can process 100 pathological sections per hour, which is 25% faster than the existing system. The amount of reagents used can be adjusted from 0.5 mL to 1.5 mL according to needs, saving up to 75% compared to the existing system.