政治整合是现代化进程中的基础议题。如何建立多元社会与政治体系良性互动的制度化政治整合机制，更是关涉现代政治发展质量的一个根本性议题。在第三波民主化浪潮中，发达资本主义国家竭力向发展中国家输出自由民主制，但实践证明，以竞争性民主为核心的多元对抗式政治整合机制难以弥合新兴国家的碎片化社会与建立自由民主政权之间的张力，反而是政治衰败的催化剂。而发达资本主义国家自身的政治衰微与社会撕裂之势，也揭示了自由民主制政治整合的功能缺陷。对于当代中国而言，社会主义市场经济的深入发展催生了一个愈加多元异质乃至碎片化、原子化的社会，如何从制度层面建构能够有效统合多元社会利益、共谋社会主义现代化的政治整合机制实属必要。从治理这一新视域出发，将政治整合置于国家治理的整体性框架之中，可以探析当代中国政治整合的根本制度基础、机制原理及改进方向，进而丰富相关理论，推动实现积极的政治整合。作为中国特色社会主义政治发展的核心内容，当代中国国家治理体系为政治整合构造了良好的制度基础，国家治理过程中蕴藏着丰富的政治整合原理。对于中国而言，基层社会是大国政治的浓缩景观，基层治理也构成国家治理的重点场域。以基层治理中的政治整合问题为考察对象可以发现，自改革开放以来，基层治理现代化孕育了一种超越改革开放前刚性政治整合逻辑的系统性政治整合方式，它既有利于调和多元社会利益、实现政治秩序稳定，也有利于调动社会各阶层、各团体的治理积极性，潜藏着较强劲的政治发展动力。以此为经验依据可以得知，政治整合不总是体现为直接的权力控制或体制吸纳行为，而是越来越深嵌于国家治理的制度体系之中，并呈现出三条基本逻辑：国家治理体系对社会结构的适应与型塑、以人民民主为核心的政社互动机制以及政党整合功能的制度性互嵌。为了回应可能存在的结构性失衡风险和政治认同危机，有必要深入推动国家治理现代化，在国家治理体系与机制的不断完善中，引导政治整合走向以治理民主为核心的赋权逻辑，在多元社会和政治体系的良性互动中实现积极的政治整合。治理视域下的政治整合研究是在既有研究基础上，探索“中国之治”情境下政治整合问题的突破性尝试。通过将研究视域从转型社会中释放出来，建立治理框架下的政治整合问题分析路径，该视域有利于回应中国政治发展中的“真问题”，支撑构建政党中心、多元参与的治理共同体，促进中国现代化有序发展。
Political integration is a fundamental issue in the process of modernization. How to establish an institutionalized political integration mechanism for benign interaction, between diverse and heterogeneous societies and political systems, is a fundamental issue concerning the quality of modern political development. In the third wave of democratization in the late 20th century, developed countries tried their best to export liberal democracy to developing countries. However, practice has proved that, the multi-confrontational political integration mechanism, with competitive democracy as the core, is difficult to bridge the fragmented society as for emerging countries. At the same time, the political decline and social disintegration of the developed countries, also demonstrate the insufficiency of the inherent integration of liberal democracies. For China, the in-depth development of the socialist market economy has given birth to a more heterogeneous and even fragmented and atomized society. It is necessary to build a systemic and institutionalized political integration mechanism, that can effectively integrate diverse social interests and seek for a better socialist modernization. From the perspective of governance, political integration research is helpful to analyze the fundamental institutional basis, mechanism principles and improvement directions of contemporary Chinese political integration, thereby enriching relevant theories and promoting practical development.The contemporary Chinese governance system has constructed a good institutional foundation for political integration. For China, grassroots society is the condensed landscape of great power politics, and grassroots governance also constitutes the key part of current governance. Taking the issue of political integration in grassroots governance as the object of investigation, it can be found that since the reform and opening up, the modernization of grassroots governance has given birth to a systematic political integration method that transcends the rigid political integration logic before 1978. As its positive effect, it is not only conducive to reconciling the interests of multiple societies to stabilize the political order, it is also conducive to mobilizing the enthusiasm of all social class and groups for governance. Therefore, there is a strong potential for political development. Based on this conclusion, we can also know that, political integration is not always reflected in direct power control, but is increasingly embedded in the institutional system of governance. Furthermore, it presents three basic principles: the adaptation and shaping of political structure to social structure, the interaction mechanism between the government and society with the people's democracy as the core, and the institutional inter-embedding of the integration function of Communist Party of China. Then, in order to respond to the possible risk of social structural imbalance and political identity crisis, it is necessary to further advance the modernization of China's system and capacity for governance, guide political integration towards a better mode that combine governance with democracy.At the theoretical level, the study of political integration from the perspective of governance is a breakthrough that attempt to explore the mechanism of political integration of political development with Chinese characteristics. This research intends to release the political integration from the narrow frame of the transitional society, and to establish a new analysis path under the governance framework. In terms of impact, it is conducive to responding to the real problems in the current process of China's political development, while promoting the development of socialist modernization in order.
