本文讨论的是宋代省部寺监体制的形成、重组、演变等问题。熙丰时期(1068-1085)是省部寺监体制的形成期。熙宁变法以来，宋廷将三司非理财事务、枢密院非军事事务划归寺监，寺监职事得以恢复，诸司库务也大量合并，并从三司转隶寺监。元丰改制又将旧三司、司农寺、审官东西院、宣徽院等机构的职掌再加上原有的六部寺监职掌，重新整合为新的六部寺监职掌。改制后的省部寺监体制，各层级机构均存在分层理政的情况。而且六部与寺监、寺监与诸司库务形成了明确的固定统属关系而非随事统属:库务先申所属寺监，寺监申尚书本部，尚书本部再申省，六部下辖诸司无独立性，均以尚书本部的身份申省。如果说唐制的六部是半实体机构的话，那元丰改制后的六部吸取了使职的特点，已完全成为了实体机构。元丰改制后的省部寺监体制与《唐六典》所载三省六部制在机构设置、职权、运行等层面大不一样。南宋初期(1127-1162)是省部寺监体制的恢复重组期。为了应对战争，省部寺监体制在“省”的层面，合中书、门下为一；在“部”层面，着力于以“繁兼易”，减少职能、地位相似的职位，保留机构，故所谓的省并、合一，只是职事官层面的省并；在“寺监”层面，各寺监按照元丰时期的固定统属关系并归尚书本部，后为了安置人才陆续设置了部分寺监。宋廷还将宰相、地方机构、使职所行的部分中央行政权收归六部有司。六部职权的恢复牵动了中央与地方、文与武、宰相与有司、使职与常规机构的关系，六部有司职权的重振是中央权威、文治政府重建的结果。南宋初期不仅是中央权威的重建期，也是省部寺监体制的重整期。宁宗（1195-1224）以后是省部寺监体制的变化期。开禧（1205-1207）以来，宋金、宋蒙（元）长期处于战争状态，使得宰相专权、阃臣坐大。宰相依托宰属以及临时机构，下行了六部有司事，加之阃臣侵夺了铨选、财政、军事之权，使得六部有司职权减少。六部官员在勘当中也乐于申取朝廷指挥，导致职权丧失；从而使得中央行政职官品位化、兼官化盛行。虽然外带的六部寺监等中央职官逐渐与地方官、使职形成了大致对应关系，但并非所有职官都阶官化了，而且同一职官在不同场合性质也大不相同，加之行政机构也出现了新的理政方式——兼官，使得六部寺监每个机构均存在不同形式的主事者。再加上中央权威依然存在，这套体制的运行机制并未破坏，并且一直沿用到南宋灭亡。

This dissertation discusses the formation,reorganization, and evolution of the sheng bu si jian system (省部寺监体制) in the Song Dynasty. The Xifeng period (1068-1085) was the formation period of the sheng bu si jian system (省部寺监体制). Since the Xining reform, the Song court had assigned the non-financial affairs of the finance Commission (Sansi) and the non-military affairs of the Privy Council to the SiJian（寺监）. The SiJian（寺监）'s office had been restored. A large number of the treasury affairs of the various divisions had also been merged, whose affiliation had been transferred from and the finance Commission (Sansi) to the the SiJian（寺监）. After the Yuanfeng reform of the system,the original positions of the finance Commission (Sansi), the Si Nong si（司农寺）, the Institute of Official Examination,and the Xuanhui Yuan, in addition to the original six ministries offices,were reorganized into the new six ministries-Court and Directorates. In the reformed system of sheng bu si jian [or Department省-Ministry部-Court and Directorates寺监], there are cases of hierarchical administration in all levels of institutions. The subordinate relationship between the six ministries and the Court and Directorates(寺监) , and between the sijian(寺监)and various divisions and treasury affairs had become clear and fixed; the line of command was no longer decided ad hoc. The various divisions and treasury affairs first reported to the Court and Directorates(寺监) to which they belonged; the sijian reported to their administering ministry of the Department of State Affairs; then the ministry reported to the Department. The divisions under the administration of the six ministries had no independence,and all of them reported to the Department under the name of their administering ministry. If the six ministries of the Tang system were partially independent,then the six ministries after the Yuanfeng reform had absorbed the characteristics of the envoys and had become completely independent. The sheng bu si jian system after the Yuanfeng reform system was very different from the three departments and six ministries system described in The Six Codes of the Tang in terms of institutional setup,authority,and operation. The early Southern Song Dynasty（1127-1162） was a period of restoration and reorganization of the sheng bu si jian system (省部寺监体制). At the same time as the territory was restored,the sheng bu si jian system (省部寺监体制) was also reorganized and developed. In order to cope with the war, the sheng bu si jian system (省部寺监体制) at the "departmental" level,combined with the Secretariat（中书）and the Chancellery（门下）,established a hierarchical structure; at the "ministry " level,it focused on "complexity and ease",reducing positions of similar functions but retaining the institutions. The so-called departmental merger and unity occurred only at the level of administrative and executive positions. At the level of " sijian(寺监)", according to the fixed subordinate relationship in the Yuanfeng period, the offices came under the administration of the Shangshu ministries, and some sijian(寺监)were successively set up in order to place talents.The Song court also transferred part of the central administrative power performed by the prime minister,local institutions, and envoys to the six ministries and divisions. The restoration of the functions and powers of the six ministries changed the relationship between the central and local governments, between the civil and the military, between the prime minister and the department,and between the envoys and the regular institutions. The revitalization of the functions and powers of the six ministries was the result of the central authority and the reconstruction of the civil government. The reorganization of the sheng bu si jian system (省部寺监体制) in the early Southern Song Dynasty was not only the founding period of the Southern Song Dynasty's reconstruction of the central authority,but also the reorganization period of the Northern Song Dynasty Yuanfeng system. After the reign of Emperor Ningzong（1195-1124）, it was a period of change in the sheng bu si jian system (省部寺监体制). After Emperor Ningzong,Song-Jin and Song-Meng were in a period of war for a long time,which made the power of the prime minister and the power of the ministers too great. Relying on the subordinates and temporary institutions, the prime minister weakened the six ministries and sijian(寺监). Furthermore, as the ministers had usurped the power of selection and finance, the functions and powers of the six ministries were reduced. The opportunities for the officials of the six ministries to participate in decision-making were drastically reduced, and among the Kandang issued by Shangshu Province ,In the decision making process, they were also willing to take the command of the imperial court,and then lost their authority. As a result,it was common for central administrative officials to hold concurrent positions, and some positions became titular. Although the central offices of the six ministries and the sijian(寺监) assigned to officials outside the court gradually formed a one-to-one correspondence with local and envoy positions, not all central offices became titular. Moreover, the nature of the same office varied on different occasions, and a new way of governing the administrative organs had emerged- concurrent officials, so that there were different forms of principals in each of the six ministries and sijian(寺监). In addition, because the central authority still existed, the operating mechanism of this system was not destroyed,and it was used until the fall of the Southern Song Dynasty.