橡胶密封良好的服役性能与使用寿命是机械设备稳定运行的基本保障，这不仅取决于密封件的原料配方、设计水平，还与制造过程紧密相关。硫化是橡胶密封成型过程中的最后一道工序，对密封件物理力学性能及形状尺寸精度起决定性作用，高质量密封件离不开硫化工艺参数的合理设计。但目前橡胶行业多采用经验式硫化成型方法，缺乏科学设计依据。针对这一制约橡胶密封质量提升的薄弱环节，本文开展了橡胶密封硫化成型过程数值仿真方法研究，为橡胶密封件的高性能、高精度硫化成型提供理论工具和技术支持。为描述橡胶在不同温度下的热交联过程，在一阶反应动力学的基础上，提出了适应于材料级别的积分型热反应动力学模型。通过考虑反应过程对反应速率参数的影响，给出了模型修正方法，解决了同一模型难以描述不同反应温度下试验结果的问题。基于胶料的积分型反应动力学模型与变物性参数传热控制方程，建立了橡胶制品热-化学耦合的瞬态仿真模型，提出了基于商业有限元软件二次开发的耦合模型求解算法，实现了橡胶制品成型过程时变温度场及硫化程度场的仿真预测，通过试验验证了仿真结果的准确性。进而，仿真分析了四种典型结构密封件的硫化过程，获得了密封件在不同形状、尺寸、工艺参数下的硫化程度分布规律。研究了硫化程度对橡胶试样摩擦学与力学性能的影响规律，并建立了定量关联关系；提出了橡胶材料非均匀分布的接触力学特性有限元仿真方法，结合硫化过程热-化学耦合仿真结果，建立了硫化工艺参数与橡胶密封磨损/接触力学性能的关联关系，实现了以接触性能与耐磨寿命为衡量指标的硫化工艺参数优选，为橡胶密封硫化工艺参数确定提供了科学依据。建立了模具边界约束下考虑传热效应膨胀收缩以及分子链交联收缩的应力-应变关系模型，并结合热-化学耦合仿真模型，形成了橡胶密封硫化到开模全流程热-力-化学耦合的瞬态分析方法，定量预测了密封件成型生产中的形变，揭示了模腔尺寸与密封件尺寸动态变化规律的内在关联。研究成果可用于高精度橡胶密封件硫化模具的设计。

The good service performance and service life of rubber seals are the basic guarantee for the stable operation of mechanical equipment, which not only depends on the raw rubber components and design level of seals, but also closely related to its manufacturing process. Vulcanization is the last process in the molding process of rubber seals, which determines the physical and mechanical properties and dimensional accuracy of seals. High quality seals are inseparable from the reasonable design of vulcanization process parameters. However, at present, relevant seal enterprises mostly adopt empirical vulcanization molding method, which is lack of scientific design basis. In view of this weak link restricting the improvement of rubber seal quality, the paper studies the numerical simulation methodology on vulcanization process of rubber seals, so as to provide theoretical guidance and technical support for high-performance and high-precision vulcanization molding of seals.To describe the thermal crosslinking process of rubber at different temperatures, a thermal reaction kinetic model in integral form suitable for material level was deduced on the basis of first-order reaction kinetics. By considering the influence of the reaction process on the reaction rate parameters, the model correction method is given, which solves the problem that the same model is difficult to describe the test results at different reaction temperatures.Based on the heat transfer control equation with variable physical parameters and vulcanization kinetics model of rubber, a transient thermochemical-coupled finite element model of the vulcanization process is established, and the solution algorithm of the coupling model based on the secondary development of commercial finite-element software is proposed, which realizes the solution of the time-varying temperature field and vulcanization degree field of rubber products in the mold. The correctness of the established simulation method and solution technology is verified by experiments. Furthermore, the vulcanization process of common seal structures under various parameters is analyzed, and the distribution law of vulcanization degree of seals under different shapes, sizes and process parameters is obtained.The tribological and mechanical properties of rubber with various degrees of vulcanization are studied, and the quantitative correlation is established. Then, a finite element simulation method of contact mechanical properties of rubber materials with non-uniform distribution is proposed. Combined with the thermal-chemical coupling simulation results of the vulcanization process, the correlation between vulcanization process parameters and rubber seal wear / contact mechanical properties is established. The optimization of vulcanization process parameters measured by sealing capacity and service life is realized, which gives a scientific basis for the determination of rubber sealing vulcanization process parameters.The stress-strain relationship model considering the volume shrinkage caused by thermal expansion and cold contraction, vulcanization reaction and interaction between rubber seal and mold is established. Combined with the thermal-chemical coupling simulation model, a transient thermal-mechanical -chemical coupling analysis method of the whole vulcanization process of seal is formed, and the dimensional deformation prediction of the rubber seal in the mold and after cooling is realized. Furthermore, the influence of vulcanization process parameters on the dimensional deformation of molded seals is analyzed, which provides theoretical guidance for the vulcanization mould design of rubber seals to achieve high-precision molding.