可再生能源的大规模发展是实现碳达峰、碳中和的重要手段。然而，可再生能源的随机性和间歇性给电力系统的运行规划带来诸多挑战。储能作为支撑可再生能源消纳的绝佳手段，在源、网、荷均发挥重要作用。共享储能通过共享闲置的储能资源，降低用户使用储能的门槛。通过利用储能资源需求的时间互补性，提高资源利用率。通过利用储能资源的空间互补性，提高电网和储能系统的运行经济性。本文围绕共享储能新型商业模式问题，分别从输电侧共享储能、配电侧共享储能、用户侧共享储能三个方面开展研究工作。主要创新成果如下：（1）提出了P2P网络博弈理论的基本框架及均衡求解算法。从工程博弈论视角出发，深入分析了可再生能源场站和共享储能场站、可再生能源场站和含共享储能的用户社区以及共享储能运营商与用户社区之间的博弈关系，提出了P2P网络博弈模型及均衡求解算法，分析了P2P网络博弈过程。（2）提出了输电侧共享储能市场模型及均衡分析方法。建立了由可再生能源场站和共享储能场站组成的P2P能量交易网络与输电网络耦合的双层模型，设计了共享储能的运行调度以及服务定价机制，提出了输电侧共享储能市场模型的均衡求解方法，分析了共享储能对促进可再生能源消纳的作用。结果表明可再生能源场站和共享储能场站都可以通过参与输电侧共享储能市场受益。（3）提出了配电侧共享储能市场模型及均衡分析方法。建立了由可再生能源场站和含共享储能的用户社区组成的P2P能量交易网络与配电网络耦合的双层模型，设计了共享储能的负荷调度以及服务定价机制，提出了配电侧共享储能市场模型的均衡求解方法，分析了共享储能对最大化社会福利的作用。结果表明可再生能源场站和含共享储能的用户社区都可以通过参与配电侧共享储能市场受益。（4）提出了用户侧共享储能市场模型及均衡分析方法。建立了由共享储能运营商与用户社区组成的P2P能量交易网络模型，考虑了实时电价的影响，设计了用户侧共享储能的需求响应以及服务定价机制，提出了用户侧共享储能市场模型的均衡求解方法，分析了共享储能对最小化用户社区用电成本的作用。结果表明共享储能运营商和用户社区都可以通过参与用户侧共享储能市场受益。本文围绕共享储能新型商业模式问题，针对输电侧共享储能、配电侧共享储能、用户侧共享储能三个场景，系统性地提出了P2P网络均衡博弈理论的基本框架及求解算法，促进了源-网-荷-储协同发展，为高比例可再生能源电力系统的安全、经济运行提供了重要技术支撑。
The large-scale development of renewable energy is important to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutralization. However, the randomness and intermittence of renewable energy generation also bring many challenges to the planning and operation of power system. As an excellent means to support the consumption of renewable energy, energy storage plays an important role in generation grid, distribution grid and load. Shared energy storage reduces the threshold for users to use energy storage by sharing idle energy storage resources, improving resource utilization by utilizing the time complementarity of energy storage resource demand, improving the operation economy of power grid and energy storage system by utilizing the spatial complementarity of energy storage resources. This paper focuses on the new business model of shared energy storage, and carries out research work from three aspects: shared energy storage for transmission grid, shared energy storage for distribution grid and shared energy storage for user side. The main contributions are as follows.(1) The basic framework of P2P network game theory and equilibrium solution algorithm are proposed. From the perspective of Engineering game theory, this paper analyzes the relationship between renewable energy power stations and shared energy storage, between renewable energy power stations and communities with shared energy storage, and between shared energy storage and users. A P2P network game model and equilibrium solution algorithm are proposed. The P2P network game process is analyzed.(2) A market equilibrium model and equilibrium analysis method of shared energy storage for transmission grid are proposed. A two-layer model of P2P energy trading network composed of renewable energy stations and shared energy storage stations coupled with transmission network is established. The operation scheduling and service pricing mechanism of shared energy storage supporting renewable energy consumption are designed. The solution method of transmission side shared energy storage market equilibrium model is proposed, and the role of shared energy storage in promoting renewable energy consumption is analyzed. The results show that both renewable energy power stations and shared energy storage stations can benefit from participating in the transmission side shared energy storage market.(3) A market equilibrium model and equilibrium analysis method of shared energy storage for distribution grid are proposed. A two-layer model of the coupling between P2P energy trading network and distribution network composed of renewable energy stations and user communities with shared energy storage is established. The load scheduling and service pricing mechanism of shared energy storage are designed. The solution method of the equilibrium model of shared energy storage market on the distribution side is proposed, and the effect of shared energy storage on maximizing social welfare is analyzed. The results show that renewable energy power stations and communities with shared energy storage can benefit from participating in the distribution side shared energy storage market.(4) A market equilibrium model and equilibrium analysis method of shared energy storage for user side are proposed. Considering the influence of real-time electricity price, a P2P energy trading network model composed of shared energy storage operators and user communities is established. The shared energy storage demand response and service pricing mechanism for user side are designed. The solution method of user side shared energy storage market equilibrium model is proposed, and the effect of shared energy storage on minimizing user power consumption cost is analyzed. The results show that both shared energy storage operators and user communities can benefit from participating in the user side shared energy storage market.Focusing on the new business model of shared energy storage, this paper systematically puts forward the basic framework and solution algorithm of P2P network equilibrium game theory for the three scenarios of transmission side shared energy storage, distribution side shared energy storage and user side shared energy storage, which provides a useful reference for the popularization and application of shared energy storage, promoting the coordinated development of source network load storage, and providing important technical support for the safe and economic operation of a high proportion of renewable energy power system.
