19世纪末20世纪初，美国的工业化带来了经济繁荣，催生了资本和劳动力的高度集中，诱发了悬殊的贫富分化和尖锐的劳资矛盾。进步与贫困成了一个重大社会问题，劳工权利也成为进步主义政治的中心议题之一。路易斯·布兰代斯（Louis D. Brandeis）是进步主义政治的重要代表人物之一，维护劳工权利是他长期奋斗的人生事业之一，布兰代斯在劳工权利方面有着非常深入的思考与卓有成效的实践。学术界的布兰代斯研究成果较多，但是对于布兰代斯的劳工权利思想与实践的研究尚属起步阶段，研究的精度和深度都有继续提升的空间。本文将布兰代斯置于进步主义时代背景之下，从工业保险、女工和工会三大权利议题入手，研究布兰代斯在劳工权利方面的思想与实践。本文主要依据哈佛大学法学院图书馆收藏的布兰代斯手稿、路易斯维尔大学布兰代斯法学院图书馆的布兰代斯文献特藏、布兰代斯的通信集、布兰代斯的著述和演讲以及历史报纸等多种一手史料，旨在比较深入地探究布兰代斯的劳工权利思想与实践。本文除第一章“绪论”与第七章“结论”之外，主要内容共有五章。第二章突出进步与贫困的时代主调，还原布兰代斯进入劳工问题的背景。第三章考察布兰代斯的工业保险新方案。第四章研究布兰代斯参加的多场女工权利法保卫战，重点分析布兰代斯的女工权利合法性论证。第五章呈现资方和政府对工会的主要治理手段及其影响，剖析布兰代斯关于工会权利的思想与特征。第六章从法律观、社会观和国家观切入，评析布兰代斯的劳工权利思想与实践。布兰代斯多年的努力，作为资本主义法制和市场经济条件下的改良，虽有局限，但很有成效。布兰代斯在对美国的法律危机和劳资关系治理政策的反思中，在对劳资权利之争的性质判断中，回应了时代。布兰代斯关于劳工权利的思想与实践，富有新意地诠释了“活的法律”、“平等保护”、“自由放任”和“治安权”等重要概念，由此我们可以观察美国宪法作为“活的法律”的生长演化的路径与动力。在20世纪的前二三十年，作为法律专业人士的布兰代斯响应了劳工的诉求，在维护劳工权利方面做出重要贡献，对于推动有利于劳工的公共政策和相关的法制革新发挥了重要作用。布兰代斯的相关思想和实践留下了丰富的遗产，至今影响着美国的一些公共讨论议题，值得我们关注和研究。
At the turn of the 20th century, industrialization in the United States brought economic prosperity, gave birth to high concentration of both capital and labor force, and induced the disparity between the rich and the poor and sharp conflicts between labor and capital. Progress and poverty have become a major social problem. And labor rights have gradually become one of the key issues of Progressive politics. Louis D. Brandeis is one of the important representatives of Progressive politics. Fight for labor right is one of Brandeis’s lifetime causes. Brandeis has deep insights and fruitful practice on labor rights. Research achievements about Brandeis in the academicia are ample, but research on Brandeis's thought and practice of labor rights is still in its infancy. Thus, there is room for further improvement in terms of accuracy and depth of research. This dissertation puts Brandeis in the background of the Progressive era, and studies Brandeis's thoughts and practices on labor rights from the perspective of three main subject of labor rights, namely, industrial insurance, female workers and labor unions. Based mainly on primary resources, such as the Louis Dembitz Brandeis Papers collected in the Harvard Law School Library, the Louis D. Brandeis Special Collection in Brandeis Law School Library of Louisville University, Louis D. Brandeis correspondence collection, Brandeis's writings and speeches and historical newspapers, this dissertation aims at exploring Brandeis's thought and practice of labor rights profoundly. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the main content of this dissertation consists of five chapters. The second chapter highlights the main theme of the era of progress and poverty, and restores the background of Brandeis's entry into labor issues. The third chapter investigates the new industrial insurance scheme designed by Brandeis. The fourth chapter studies many women workers' rights defense battles that brandeis participated in, focusing on the analysis of Brandeis’s legitimacy demonstration of women workers' rights. The fifth chapter presents the main governance means that capital and government applied to trade unions, and analyzes Brandeis's thoughts and its characteristics on trade union rights. The sixth chapter focuses on the analysis of Brandeis's thought and practice of labor rights from dimensions of law, society and state.Brandeis's efforts over the years, as an improvement under the capitalist legal system and market economy, have achieved fruitful results, although there are limitations. Brandeis responded to his era in his reflection on the crisis of American law and management policy of labor-capital relations and in his judgment on the nature of labor-capital rights dispute. Brandeis's thoughts and practices on labor rights have creatively interpreted such important concepts as ‘living law’, ‘equal protection’, ‘laissez-faire’ and ‘police power’, from which we can observe the path and impetus of the growth and evolution of the American Constitution as a living law.At the beginning decades of the 20th century, Louis D. Brandeis, as a legal professional, responded the demands of workers, made important contributions to safeguarding the rights of labor, and played an important role in promoting the pro-labor public polices and related legal innovation. Brandeis's related thoughts and practices have left a rich legacy, which has influenced some public discussion agenda in the United States so far and deserve our attention and study.
