介电弹性体作为一种机-电相互转化的功能性电活性聚合物，在电场驱动下可以产生明显的形变，将输入的电能转化为机械能输出，具有形变量大、能量密度高等优势，是理想的人工肌肉材料，在柔性电驱动器领域获得广泛关注。目前，商用材料仍是介电弹性体应用的主要选择，但其存在很多不足，如丙烯酸酯弹性体存在着驱动电场高、机械损耗大和驱动频率低等问题；改性弹性体在提升某一性能时常常会造成另一性能的明显劣化，影响其实用性。本论文从丙烯酸酯介电弹性体网络结构设计的角度出发，设计制备了综合性能优异的先进介电弹性体材料，厘清了介电弹性体结构性能关系，探讨了其作为柔性无磁电机的驱动特性。论文不仅为柔性驱动器的发展提供了新材料，更为未来新材料的设计和制备提供了新思路。发现了大分子交联剂构建的交联网络可以降低杨氏模量、提高介电常数；调控交联剂的分子量与网格尺寸相匹配可以有效抑制应力集中，实现超高断裂强度。实验证实该弹性体具有低杨氏模量、高介电常数，在低驱动电场下获得大驱动形变(18.5%@15 V/μm)，其断裂强度(32.2 MPa)超过目前文献已报道的弹性体材料，其柔性无磁电机具有优异的驱动性能，应用前景广泛。构建了强极性单体-弱极性单体共聚交联网络，调控强极性基团与主链的距离及其含量可以显著降低介电弹性体的机械损耗。强极性单体增加了分子间相互作用力，有利于增加网络中纳米级微区含量。这些微区可以作为物理交联点，抑制变形后的链段重排，减少无效熵变，有效降低聚合物的粘弹性，使该共聚物弹性体具有快驱动响应特性和低应变漂移特性。这一发现改变了原有的强极性基团会加剧聚合物粘弹性的认识，为未来制备高介电常数、低机械损耗弹性体提供了新的研究思路。构建了大分子交联剂与少量小分子交联剂共存的网络结构，在实现材料低模量的基础上，添加少量小分子交联剂作为分子链间桥梁，缩短了交联点间分子量，提高了链段运动的灵活性，改善了驱动频率响应特性。该弹性体既保留了丙烯酸酯弹性体介电常数较高的优势，又表现出了可比硅橡胶弹性体的低模量和高驱动频率特性，在低驱动电场下达到了天然肌肉水平的高功率密度(150 W/kg@20 V/μm)，优于已报道的丙烯酸酯介电弹性体。

As a kind of functional electroactive polymers, dielectric elastomers can deform greatly when electrically actuated and convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. They have advantages of large strain, high energy density and et al, which are ideal artificial muscles, and have drawn widespread attention in flexible actuators.At present, commercial materials is still the main choice of dielectric elastomers, but they have many shortcomings. For example, acrylic elastomers have problems such as high driving electric field, large mechanical loss and low driving frequency. Meanwhile, modified elastomers usually pay more attention to the improvement of one performance, while ignore others, and therefore are not practical. In this paper, based on the design of the dielectric elastomer network structure, advanced dielectric elastomers with excellent performance are designed and prepared, and the relationship between the structure and the properties of dielectric elastomers is clarified, which not only provides the advanced materials for the development of flexible actuators, but also provides another perspective for the design and preparation of new materials in the future.Adopting macromolecular cross-linking agent to construct a cross-linked network can reduce the Young's modulus and increase the dielectric constant. Adjusting the molecular weight of the cross-linking agent to match the network mesh size can effectively suppress stress concentration and then achieve ultra-high ultimate strength. Experimental results confirmed that the elastomer has low Young's modulus, high dielectric constant, and thereby exhibits large area strain under low driving electric field (18.5%@15 V/μm). And its ultimate strength (32.2 MPa) has exceeded those previously reported elastomers. The flexible non-magnetic motor prepared with this elastomer further verifies its excellent actuation performance.Introducing strongly polar monomers and regulating the distance between of strongly polar groups and the main chain and the content of strongly polar groups can greatly reduce mechanical loss. Strongly polar monomers increase the intermolecular interaction force, and consequently increase the content of nanodomains in the network, which can act as physical cross-linking points, and thereby reduce the rearrangement of chain segments after deformation and invalid entropy changes, effectively suppress the viscoelasticity. The copolymer elastomer features fast actuation response and low strain drift. The results change the original understanding that strongly polar groups can aggravate viscoelasticity, and provide a new idea for the preparation of elastomers with high dielectric constant and low mechanical loss in the future.Constructing a cross-linked network in which the macromolecular cross-linking agent and a small amount of small-molecule cross-linking agents coexist can improve driving frequency while retain low modulus. The macro-molecular cross-linking agent and flexible side chains of monomers features the network with low modulus, while a bit of small-molecule cross-linking agent acts as bridges between molecular chains, shortens molecular chains between crosslinking points, increases the agility of segment movements, and thereby broadens the driving frequency. Thus, the elastomer not only retains the advantages of the high dielectric constant of acrylic elastomers, but also combines the characteristics of low modulus and high drive frequency like silicone elastomers. It demonstrates high output power density under low driving electric field (150 W/kg@20 V/μm), which is higher than previously reported acrylic dielectric elastomers.