公众参与，是我国政府在大数据时代践行“群众路线”的重要表现。当前， 新冠疫情在全球范围内呈现传染性强、危害性大、扩散面广等特征，严重危害人 类生存权益。破解疫情困局，维护人类健康福祉，是国际社会的当务之急。政府 开放疫情数据是应对新冠疫情的有效举措，是重要的研究议题。在此背景下本文 关注我国政府开放疫情数据过程中的公众参与问题，对“公众参与”、“疫情数 据开放”等作出概念界定，对比分析了数据开放和信息公开其内涵与外延的差异， 以及疫情数据与其他常规数据间的属性差异。在概念界定和对比分析的基础上， 本文依托公众参与阶梯理论，分析了当前我国现实情境下公众参与疫情数据开放 的阶梯模式。基于定性研究成果，本文聚焦“浏览应用”和“意见表达”这两种 参与行为，以公众个体主观感知为视角，基于计划行为理论、风险感知理论、信 任理论这三种经典理论，同时结合我国政府开放疫情数据的实际特点，从行为态 度、主观规范、知觉行为控制、信任感知、疫情风险感知、参与意愿、参与行为 7 个变量维度，构建了政府开放疫情数据情境下公众参与行为的影响因素模型，设 计问卷收集了 503 份有效样本数据并做实证分析。本文研究发现，我国政府开放 疫情数据情境下，按照公众参与程度的差异，存在“象征性参与”和“真正参与” 两种参与层级，“象征性参与”层级包含了“告知型参与模式”和“咨询回应型 参与模式”两个阶梯，“真正参与”层级包含了“协作型参与模式”和“权力委 托型参与模式”两个阶梯。本文同时发现，公众的行为态度、主观规范、知觉行 为控制、信任感知会对公众参与意愿产生显著的正向影响关系，公众的知觉行为 控制、信任感知会对公众参与行为产生显著的正向影响关系，公众参与意愿会对 公众参与行为产生显著的正向影响关系。公众有关新冠疫情的风险感知对公众参 与意愿、公众参与行为不会产生影响关系。在质性研究和实证分析的基础上，本 文回归我国现实情境，认为政府在开放疫情数据过程中加强对公众参与的引导与 支持，通过新闻媒体和社交媒体等常见传播媒介提升对疫情数据开放的宣传力度， 增强公众对参与疫情数据开放的价值认同，与学校、单位、生活社区等组织单元 开展协作从而营造公众参与良好氛围，以问题为导向提升政府疫情数据开放能力， 为公众参与提供必要心理和技术支持等，都是我国政府开放疫情数据过程中践行 群众路线，优化公众参与水平的潜在路径。

Public participation is an important manifestation of the Chinese government's practice of the "mass line" in the era of big data. At present, the new crown epidemic is characterized by strong contagion, great harm, and wide spread around the world, which seriously endangers the rights and interests of human survival. Solving the dilemma of the epidemic and safeguarding human health and well-being are the top priorities of the international community. The government's opening of epidemic data is an effective measure to deal with the new crown epidemic, and it is an important topic. This paper focuses on the issue of public participation in the process of opening up epidemic data by the Chinese government, defines the concepts of "public participation" and "opening epidemic data", and compares and analyzes the difference between the connotation and extension of data openness and information disclosure, and Attribute differences between epidemic data and other routine data. On the basis of concept definition and comparative analysis, this paper relies on the ladder theory of public participation to analyze the ladder mode of public participation in epidemic data opening under the current situation in China. Based on the qualitative research results, this paper focuses on the two participation behaviors of "browsing application" and "opinion expression", from the perspective of individual subjective perception of the public, based on the three classic theories of planned behavior theory, risk perception theory, and trust theory, and combined with our country. The actual characteristics of the government's open epidemic data, from the behavioral attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavior control, trust perception, epidemic risk perception, participation willingness, participation behavior 7 variable dimensions, construct the influence factors of public participation behavior in the context of government open epidemic data Model, designed questionnaires, collected 503 valid sample data and made empirical analysis. This paper finds that in the context of open epidemic data by the Chinese government, according to the difference in the degree of public participation, there are two levels of participation: "symbolic participation" and "real participation". The "symbolic participation" level includes the "informative participation model" and There are two ladders of "consultation-response participation model", and the "real participation" level includes IIAbstract two ladders of "cooperative participation model" and "power delegation participation model". At the same time, this paper finds that the public's behavioral attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and trust perception will have a significant positive impact on public participation willingness, and the public's perceived behavioral control and trust perception will have a significant positive impact on public participation behavior. Public participation willingness will have a significant positive impact relationship on public participation behavior. The public's risk perception about the new crown epidemic will not affect the public participation willingness and public participation behavior. On the basis of qualitative research and empirical analysis, this paper returns to the real situation in our country, and believes that the government should strengthen the guidance and support for public participation in the process of opening epidemic data, and improve the openness of epidemic data through common media such as news media and social media. Publicity efforts, enhance the public's recognition of the value of participating in the openness of epidemic data, cooperate with schools, units, living communities and other organizational units to create a good atmosphere for public participation, improve the government's ability to open epidemic data in a problem-oriented manner, and provide the necessary psychological support for public participation and technical support, etc., are all potential paths for the Chinese government to practice the mass line and optimize the level of public participation in the process of opening up the epidemic data.