本稿运用考古类型学等方法，从寺院分布、建筑布局、殿堂雕塑壁画三方面，分析杭州吴越两宋寺院物质文化。在寺院分布方面，吴越国新寺多由王室建造，比较集中地分布于城内及西湖周边。北宋新寺基本分布于运河两岸，南宋新寺高宗时主要分布在城东近城地方及大内附近，孝宗、宁宗时多分布在运河附近，理宗时建设于城内、钱塘江岸与积庆山。南宋皇室坟寺主要分布于赤山左右、方家峪、西湖西北等地，尼寺多分布于近城地方、西湖西南角。在寺院建筑布局方面，杭州寺院建筑布局经历了多院式寺院与禅院融合，最终形成以南宋灵隐寺为代表的附加东西序布局。在殿堂雕塑壁画方面，吴越国奉先寺宝阁、北宋龙华宝乘寺正殿像设，混合往生弥勒下生净土与西方净土信仰，北宋净住寺弥陀宝阁、南宋上天竺寺十六观堂像设，则是西方净土信仰代表。南宋净慈寺五百罗汉堂、普济寺圆通宝阁，反映了南宋罗汉、观音救济思想。中天竺禅寺华严阁展现了由菩萨行成就法身思想。杭州主要佛教信仰未发生大变化，净土、观音、罗汉三大信仰愈来愈强。

This paper uses archaeological typology and other methods to analyze the material culture of the monasteries of Wu Yue Kingdom and Song Dynasty in Hangzhou from three aspects: the distribution of monasteries, the layout of buildings, and the sculptures and murals in the monasteries. In terms of the distribution of monasteries, most of the new monasteries in Wuyue Kingdom were built by the royal family, and they were mainly concentrated in the city and around the West Lake. The new monasteries in the Northern Song Dynasty are basically distributed on both sides of the canal. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the new monasteries were mainly distributed in the east of the city near the city and near the palace in the time of Emperor Gaozong, near the canal in the time of Emperor Xiaozong and Emperor Ningzong, and built in the city, on the banks of the Qiantang River and Jiqing Mountain in the time of Lizong. The grave monasteries of the royal family in the Southern Song Dynasty were mainly distributed around Chishan, Fangjiayu, and the northwest of West Lake. In terms of the architectural layout of monasteries, the architectural layout of Hangzhou monasteries has experienced the integration of multi-chamber-style monasteries and Zen monasteries, and finally formed an additional east-west sequential layout represented by Lingyin Temple in the Southern Song Dynasty. In terms of sculptures and murals in the halls, there are statues in the pavilion of Fengxian Temple in Wuyue Kingdom and the main hall of Longhua Baocheng Temple in the Northern Song Dynasty, mixing the beliefs of Maitreya’s Pure Land and Western Pure Land beliefs. The statues in the pavilion of Jingzhu Temple in the Northern Song Dynasty and the Sixteen Guantang of Shangzhu Temple in the Southern Song Dynasty are the representative of Western Pure Land beliefs. The Five Hundred Arhats Hall in Jingci Temple in the Southern Song Dynasty and the Yuantong Pavilion in Puji Temple reflect the relief thought of Arhats and Guanyin in the Southern Song Dynasty. The Huayan Pavilion of Zhongtianzhu Temple demonstrates the idea of attaining the Dharma body through the actions of the Bodhisattva. The main Buddhist beliefs in Hangzhou have not changed much, and the three beliefs of Pure Land, Guanyin and Arhat have become stronger and stronger.