在地表水源微污染地区，随着生活饮用水卫生标准的持续提高以及城镇居民饮用水消费需求的不断升级，自来水厂常规工艺面临着巨大考验，急需提标改造进行深度处理。目前在已经商业化的深度处理工艺中，臭氧生物活性炭（O3-BAC）工艺较为成熟，纳滤双膜（UF/NF）工艺刚刚兴起，工艺的比选成为人们关心的话题。以往对两种工艺比选的研究有限且以定性为主，缺乏对其非直观效益的定量分析和归一化价值计算。本研究建立了一套饮用水深度处理工艺综合效益的量化方法，以长江中下游作为微污染水源的代表进行研究，将两种工艺直观和非直观的成本收益以吨水价格的形式呈现，为工艺的比选提供参考依据。在方法建立阶段，深度处理工艺直观成本中的土地成本、水损成本与工艺特点和城市的发展水平有关。非直观收益中的健康收益主要受水质条件和工艺处理效果影响，口感收益与工艺处理效果和城市发展水平有关。在数据搜集阶段，分别对工艺的应用场景（包括水质场景和城市场景）以及工艺自身情况（包括建设、运行和处理效果）进行调研。水质调研结果表明，长江中下游地区TOC约1~3mg/L（少数达到5mg/L）；根据有无咸潮入侵，溴离子平均含量在10~156 μg/L；平均浓度水平下需要优先关注的目标新兴污染物有8种，高浓度水平下有29种。城市调研结果表明，根据主要城市的人均GDP水平、城市综合地面价格、综合水价和水资源价格高低可以将长江中下游地区主要城市分为一线、二线和三线3种城市场景。在中等水质和城市场景下对两种深度处理工艺进行货币化方法的应用，结果表明，综合考虑建设、运行、工艺占地、水损、健康和口感等因素，UF/NF比O3-BAC工艺具有0.315元/m3产水的优势。在场景分析和工艺比选讨论阶段，采用《生活饮用水卫生标准》（GB5749-2006）对所有水质场景进行初筛。结果表明，在有机物含量高（TOC约为5 mg/L）或受咸潮入侵（Br-约为156 μg/L）的10种水质场景下宜采用UF/NF工艺。在符合饮用水卫生标准的情况下，按照水质污染程度和城市发展水平进行组合产生12种综合场景。其中83%的场景里UF/NF工艺更加具有优势，其净收益比O3-BAC工艺多0.137~1.449元/m3，这种优势随着水质恶化或城市发展水平提高而逐渐凸显。剩余的场景下，处理三线城市的一类水质时O3-BAC工艺小有优势；处理三线城市二类水质时两种工艺不相上下。

In areas with micro-pollution of surface water sources, due to the continuous improvement of drinking water sanitation standards and the continuous upgrading of urban residents' drinking water consumption demand, the conventional process for drinking water treatment is facing a big challenge, and it is urgent for process upgrading to advanced level. At present, since among the practically available advanced treatment processes, ozonation combining with biologically active carbon filtration (O3-BAC) process is relatively mature, while nanofiltration/ultrafiltration (UF/NF) dual-membrane process has just emerged, the comparison of the two advanced treatment processes has become a topic of concern. In the past, the comparison of the two processes is limited and mainly qualitative, and there lacks quantitative analysis and normalized value calculation of their indirect benefits. In this study, a set of methods for quantifying the comprehensive benefits of advanced treatment of drinking water was established, with the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River as the representative of micro-polluted water sources. The intuitive and non-intuitive costs and benefits of the two processes were presented in the form of the price per ton of water produced to provide reference for the comparison and selection of processes.In the method development stage, the land cost and water loss cost in the intuitive cost of the advanced treatment process are related to the process features and the development level of the city. The health benefit in the non-intuitive benefits is mainly affected by the water quality conditions and the process treatment effectiveness, and the taste-improving benefit is related to the process treatment effectiveness and the urban development level.In the data collection stage, the application scenarios of the process (including water quality scenarios and urban development level scenarios) and the process itself (including construction, operation and treatment effectiveness of process) are investigated respectively. The water quality survey results show that the TOC in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is about 1 ~ 3 mg/L (with a few reaching 5 mg/L); according to the presence of seawater intrusion, the average content of bromine ions is 10~156 μg/L; there are 8 target emerging pollutants that need priority attention at average concentration levels and 29 targets at high concentration levels. According to the urban development level survey results, according to the per capita GDP level of major cities, urban comprehensive land price, comprehensive water price and water resources price, the main cities in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River can be classified into first tier, second tier and third tier cities. The application of the two advanced treatment processes in medium water quality and urban scenarios obtained the results showing that considering construction, operation, process footprint, water loss, health and taste factors, UF/NF has the advantage of a higher benefit of 0.315 yuan/m3, compared with O3-BAC process.In the scenario analysis and process comparison and discussion stage, all water quality scenarios were first screened by using the Drinking Water Quality Standard (GB5749-2006). The results show that the UF/NF process should be used in ten water quality scenarios with high organic matter content (TOC is about 5 mg/L) or seawater invasion (Br- is about 156 μg/L). In the case of meeting the drinking water quality standards, twelve comprehensive scenarios are combined according to the degree of water pollution and the urban development level. In 83% of the scenarios, UF / NF process is advantageous, and its net benefit is 0.137~1.449 yuan / m3 more than O3-BAC process. This advantage is gradually highlighted with the deterioration of raw water quality or the improvement of urban development level. In the remaining scenarios, the O3-BAC process has slight advantages in treating Class I water quality in third-tier cities; the two processes are comparable in treating Class II water quality in third-tier cities.