离婚损害赔偿2001年进入《婚姻法》第46条成为我国离婚救济制度的组成部分，其在《民法典》第1091条有了新的发展，并且新增了兜底条款“有其他重大过错的”，引发了学界的热议。学界对离婚损害赔偿的讨论主要在性质、构成要件、与婚内一般侵权的关系、权利义务主体、婚外异性的责任、权利行使的时间期限、举证责任的分配、制度存废等方面，但多数探讨离婚损害赔偿制度的问题并从立法论角度提出完善的建议，少有讨论从解释论的角度出发对法律、司法解释中关于离婚损害赔偿的规定的合理性进行论证，此即本文写作的出发点，即应用文义解释、体系解释、历史解释等法律解释的方法，对离婚损害赔偿的内容的合理性进行论证。除结论外本文分为四部分。第一部分为引言，主要介绍离婚损害赔偿的起源及我国离婚损害赔偿的法律规定和司法实践的现状、研究现状、文章的行文思路及研究方法。第二部分为离婚损害赔偿制度概述，主要介绍离婚、离婚损害赔偿的概念及性质，离婚损害赔偿与其他离婚救济制度、离婚分割夫妻共同财产时照顾无过错方原则、《民法典》第1091条的关系及协调适用。第三部分为离婚损害赔偿的构成要件分析，主要从侵权责任构成要件出发分析离婚损害赔偿的四要件，其中重点介绍过错行为和因果关系，旨在明确家庭暴力中正当防卫的认定、“有其他重大过错的”情形的判断、离婚与过错行为与损害的因果关系。第四部分为离婚损害赔偿请求权的行使，主要介绍离婚损害赔偿的权利主体、义务主体、权利行使的时间期限、举证责任的分配、离婚损害赔偿金额确定需考虑的因素，其中重点探讨双方过错排除离婚损害赔偿、婚外异性非为离婚损害赔偿义务主体、另行提起离婚损害赔偿的一年期间解释为除斥期间的合理性。
In 2001, the divorce damage compensation entered into article 46 of the Marriage Law and became an integral part of the divorce relief system in China. It has a new development in Article 1091 of the Civil Code, and added a "bottom clause"—— " Any other major fault." ,sparked heated debate in the academic community.The academic discussion on divorce damage compensation mainly focuses on the nature, constituent elements, relationship with the general marital tort, the right holder and obligor, the responsibility of the third party, the time limit for the exercise of rights, the distribution of the burden of proof, and the existence and abolition of the it. However, most of them discuss the problem of the divorce damage compensation system and put forward suggestions for improvement from the perspective of legislation, few discuss the rationality of the provisions on divorce damage compensation in legal and judicial interpretations from the perspective of interpretation theory. This is the starting point of the writing of this thesis, that is, to demonstrate the rationality of the content of divorce damage compensation by means of legal interpretation such as textual interpretation, system interpretation, and historical interpretation.Excluding the conclusion, this thesis is divided into four parts. The first part is the introduction, which mainly introduces the origin of divorce damage compensation, the legal provisions of divorce damage compensation in our country, the current situation of judicial practice, research status, the writing structure and research method of the thesis.The second part is an overview of the divorce damage compensation system, mainly introducing the concept and the nature of divorce and divorce damage compensation, the relationship and coordinated between divorce damage compensation and other divorce relief systems, the principle of taking care of the no-fault party when dividing marital property in divorce, and the Article 1091 of the Civil Code.The third part is the analysis of the constituent elements of divorce damage compensation, mainly from the perspective of tort liability constituents to analyze the four elements of divorce damages, which focuses on faulty acts and causation, and try to clarify the identification of legitimate defense in domestic violence, the judgment of the "Any other major fault.", the causation between faulty acts and divorce and damage.The fourth part is the exercise of the right to claim compensation for divorce damages, which mainly introduces the right holder, the obligor, the time limit for exercising rights, the distribution of burden of proof, factors to be considered in determining the amount of damages for divorce. Among them, I mainly discuss the rationality of excluding divorce damage compensation due to fault of both parties, the third party is not the subject of divorce damages, and the one-year period of filing divorce damages separately is interpreted as the exclusion period.
