2017年，《北京城市总体规划》提出“建设国际一流的和谐宜居之都”，首都功能核心区承担着建设“宜居之都首善之区”的重要任务。2021年，北京市“十四五”规划提出，建设高品质宜居城市，加快推进城市更新，以更新为抓手推动“宜居”城市建设成为新时期发展的重要导向。然而现实中，首都功能核心区内大量住区宜居性不足，尤其新中国成立后建设的非平房住区，住宅建筑面积占比高达85%，建设背景复杂，存在年久老化、功能缺失等多样化的问题。且目前所开展的住区更新实践尚缺乏对首都功能核心区住区“宜居性”的全面认知，基于城市整体、居住品质综合提升的发展目标，其更新内容和更新对象均有所局限，城市宏观发展目标与微观住区更新实践还有待进一步对接。 基于此，研究围绕“住区”构建宜居性评估体系，筛选可量化的指标，依托多源数据获取与校核，从居住保障性、生活便利性、出行便捷性、空间舒适性四个维度开展对首都功能核心区内1132个非平房住区的整体评估。 同时，借助“整体-区域-住区”的层次化框架对宜居性展开系统分析，以更加全面地刻画首都功能核心区住区宜居现状，结果表明： （1）整体层面，首都功能核心区住区宜居性较高，但优势、短板“二元分化”，住区精细化建设明显不足。（2）区域层面，居住保障性和出行便捷性住区得分空间混合度高，局部特征突出。低保障性住区在西城展览路街道集中，多为老旧住区；出行便捷性在德胜街道、白纸坊街道局部区域略低，地铁可达性相比其他区域有所不足。生活便利性和空间舒适性圈层特征明显，老城内外分别呈现出“高便利-低舒适”“低便利-高舒适”的圈层特征。（3）住区层面，住区内部宜居性问题差异明显，以老旧住区为主的II类住区居住保障性严重不足，以回迁房、普通商品房为主的III类住区空间舒适性问题突出；住区外部宜居性问题高度一致，普遍存在养老、助残、托幼相关配套、基础医疗、中小型公共空间缺乏的问题。 最后，基于宜居性评估结果对住区宜居性相关问题进一步分析，提出首都功能核心区住区宜居性提升的重点为居住保障性、生活便利性、空间舒适性，应分别基于差异化、整体性、精细化的更新导向，统筹实施、分类推动、有序提升。

In 2017, the "Comprehensive Urban Plan of Beijing" proposed to build a world-class harmonious and livable capital", and the Core Area Serving Capital Functions undertakes the important task of building the "best district of the livable capital". In 2021, Beijing's "14th Five-Year Plan" proposes to build a high-quality livable city, accelerate urban renewal, and promote the construction of a "livable" city with renewal as an important direction for development in the new era. However, in reality, a large number of residential areas in the Core Area Serving Capital Functions are not livable, especially the multi-story residential areas built after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, where the residential building area accounts for as high as 85% and exists diversity issues. Moreover, the current practice of residential area renewal still lacks a comprehensive understanding of the “livability” of residential areas in the Core Area Serving Capital Functions. Based on the development goal of comprehensive improvement of the city’s overall residential quality, it still has limitations, the urban macro-development goals and the micro-residential renewal practice still need to be further connected. Based on this, the study builds a livability evaluation system around "residential areas", selects quantifiable indicators, and relies on multi-source data acquisition and verification, from the four dimensions of housing security, life convenience, travel convenience, and space comfort. Carry out an overall assessment of 1,132 residential areas (single-story residential courtyards are not included) in the Core Area Serving Capital Functions. At the same time, with the help of the hierarchical framework of "whole-region-residential area", a systematic analysis of livability is carried out to more comprehensively describe the livability status of residential areas in the Core Area Serving Capital Functions. The results show that: (1) On the overall level, the Core Area Serving Capital Functions is relatively highly livable, but the advantages and disadvantages are "dual differentiation", and the refined construction of residential areas is obviously insufficient. (2) At the regional level, the scores of residential security and travel convenience are highly spatially mixed, with prominent local characteristics. Low-security residential areas are concentrated in Zhanlan Road Street in Xicheng, mostly old residential areas; travel convenience is slightly lower in some areas of Desheng Street in and Baizhifang Street, the subway accessibility is insufficient compared to other areas. The life convenience and space comfort present an obvious circle feature in space, "high convenience-low comfort" and "low convenience-high comfort" are presented inside and outside the old city respectively. (3) At the level of residential areas, there are obvious differences in the livability issues within the residential areas. The living security of Class II residential areas, which are mainly old residential areas, is seriously insufficient, and the space of Class III residential areas, mainly relocated houses and ordinary commercial houses, is not comfortable; the livability problems outside the residential area are highly consistent, and there are widespread problems of pensions, disability assistance, childcare related facilities, basic medical care, and a lack of small and medium-sized public spaces. Finally, based on the results of the livability assessment, the paper further analyzes the issues related to the livability of the residential area, and proposes that the key points for the improvement of the livability of the residential area in the Core Area Serving Capital Functions are living security, living convenience, and space comfort, which should be based on differentiation, wholeness and Refinement orientation, coordinated implementation, classified promotion, and orderly improvement.