区分敌友是革命的首要问题。中国共产党的“反法西斯”概念是塑造敌对方的重要手段，反映着其高超的革命策略。法西斯产生于帝国主义阶段的资本主义国家。考察西欧法西斯运动的发展历程，其在兴起之初提出反对资本、支持工人运动的纲领，在某种程度上带有社会主义色彩，与西欧社会民主主义的立场颇有相似之处。共产国际对法西斯的批判体现出对工人运动的担忧，因此一度将社会民主党与法西斯政党并列，并提出“社会法西斯”概念来反对压制西欧工人运动的行径，以推动革命运动的开展。而伴随法西斯思潮与意大利、德国大资产阶级大地主阶级的合流，共产国际调整革命策略，将社会民主党与法西斯运动区分开来，开始实现与社会民主党的联合。在“法西斯”经由《东方杂志》报道传入中国后，中国共产党受共产国际影响展开对法西斯的批判。商团事件的兴起使得中国社会阶级分化更加明朗，也使“反法西斯”概念与中共的阶级革命联系起来。国民大革命失败之后，中共从阶级革命的维度出发塑造“反法西斯”概念。“反法西斯”的意涵主要表现为反对白色恐怖与改良主义、机会主义。九一八事变之后，面对帝国主义的入侵与国民党“攘外必先安内”的政策，中国共产党通过远东反战大会的宣传将“反法西斯”与反帝结合起来，既反对帝国主义对中国的侵略，又批判国民党“攘外必先安内”的政策。在中国共产党的话语中，“反法西斯”具有“反帝”所不具备的内部批判视角而具有更广泛的使用场景，因此中国共产党将“反法西斯”应对与处理殖民地内部阶级矛盾的重要话语武器，用以描述国内的阶级斗争状况，批判国民党“民族至上”的法西斯化宣传。在抗日战争时期，中国共产党对“反法西斯”的阐释更加深入。“反法西斯”由国内扩展到国外，蕴含着更多“反侵略、反战争”的意涵。受国际形势变化影响，中国共产党对“反法西斯”与“反帝”的不同阐释体现着其高超的策略。此外，和平民主成为判别“法西斯”的重要标准，这也包含着对战后实现民主建国的期许。
Distinguishing friends from enemies is the primary problem of revolution. The CPC's concept of "anti-fascist" is an important means to shape the enemy, reflecting its superb revolutionary strategy. Fascism emerged in capitalist countries during the imperialist stage. Examining the development course of the Fascist movement in Western Europe, it put forward the program of opposing capital and supporting the workers' movement at the beginning of its rise, which was socialist to some extent and had much in common with the position of social democracy in Western Europe. The Comintern's critique of fascism reflects a concern for the workers' movement, For a time, the Social Democratic Party was therefore juxtaposed with the fascist parties, and the concept of "social fascism" was introduced to oppose the suppression of the workers' movement in Western Europe and to promote the revolutionary movement. However, with the confluence of fascist thought with the big bourgeoisie and the big landlord class in Italy and Germany, the Comintern adjusted the revolutionary strategy, separated the Social Democratic Party from the fascist movement, and began to unite with the Social Democratic Party.After "fascism" was introduced into China by Oriental Magazine, the Communist Party of China began to criticize fascism under the influence of Comintern. The rise of the business group event made the class division of Chinese society more clear, and also linked the concept of “anti-fascism” to the class revolution of the Chinese Communist Party. After the failure of the National Revolution, the Chinese Communist Party shaped the concept of "anti-fascism" from the dimension of class revolution. The meaning of "anti-fascism" is mainly to oppose white terror, reformism and opportunism.After the September 18 Incident, in the face of imperialist invasion and the Kuomintang's policy of "reining in foreign countries before securing China", the Chinese Communist Party combined anti-fascist and anti-imperialist activities through the propaganda of the Far East Anti-war Conference, not only opposed the imperialist aggression against China, but also criticized the Kuomintang's policy of "reining in foreign countries before settling in". In Chinese Communist discourse, "anti-fascist" has an internal critical perspective that "anti-imperialist" doesn’t have and is used in a wider range of contexts. Therefore, the Communist Party of China used "anti-fascist" as an important discourse weapon to deal with class contradictions in the colonies, to describe the status of class struggle in China, and to criticize the Fascist propaganda of "national supremacy" of the Kuomintang.During the Anti-Japanese War, the Chinese Communist Party's interpretation of "anti-fascist" went further. The term "anti-fascist" extends from domestic to foreign countries, which implies more "anti-aggression and anti-war" implications. Influenced by the changes in the international situation, the Chinese Communist Party's different interpretations of "anti-fascist" and "anti-imperialist" reflect its superb strategies. In addition, peaceful democracy has become an important criterion to distinguish "fascism", which also contains the expectation for the realization of democratic state after the war.
