卡尔·波兰尼的双向运动理论是当代资本主义批判中生成的重要理论产物与核心论题。在新自由主义重新起航的21世纪，市场化、自由化、私有化的社会政策在全球范围内卷土重来，在刺激经济的同时带来了社会资源的两极分化、垄断、经济泡沫等问题。双向运动理论重在凸显市场与社会的矛盾冲突和相互影响，揭示市场扩张给人类社会带来的灾难性后果，反映出自律性市场的不可欲，并呼吁代表社会的国家应当控制资本发展。由此，双向运动理论构成当代资本主义批判的一种新范式。但是，该理论存在作为主体的社会概念虚化、运动主体缺位、由此导致的钟摆式的社会发展困境等问题。本文通过运用历史唯物主义对双向运动理论中波兰尼的市场-社会二元对立思想、基于普遍利益的历史发展动因及人为推动的市场扩张观进行批判，揭示了双向运动理论的问题根源。探寻到市场脱嵌运动的根源是资本的扩张，反向运动的实质则是无产阶级为主的社会力量对资本主义生产关系的反抗。在理清楚双向运动的问题及实质后，本文继续以历史唯物主义为基础，用更深层次的、生产力和生产关系的社会基本矛盾替代波兰尼的市场-社会矛盾、用阶级运动补充双向运动理论缺失的运动主体，重构出了更具有现实解释力的“往复前进”运动概念，证明市场经济是可以被无产阶级专政的社会主义道路所超越。最后，以社会主义国家苏联的成败经验与当代中国的成功实践佐证这一概念。通过对双向运动理论进行的批判重构，历史唯物主义不仅可以反思双向运动理论作为社会运动解释框架的有效性。同时，重构的“往复前进”概念也体现出对资本主义批判的实质探寻与理论更新，推进对资本逻辑下的去阶级化社会运动批判，并为当代中国反垄断，防止资本无序扩张政策及实践提供合理的价值规范与理论支持。
Karl·Polanyi's Double Movement theory is an important theory formed in contemporary capitalist critiques. At present, the social policies of marketization, liberalization and privatization supported by neoliberalism are coming again on a global scale, bringing about problems such as polarization of social resources, monopoly, and economic bubbles. The Double Movement theory focuses on explaining the contradictions and interactions between the market and society, revealing the catastrophic consequences of market expansion on human society, reflecting the impossibility of a self-disciplined market, and calling on the state to control capital development. Thus, the Double-Movement theory constitutes a new paradigm of contemporary capitalist critique. However, the Double Movement theory has problems such as the virtualization of social subjects, the lack of movement subjects, and the resulting pendulum-type social development dilemma.By applying historical materialism to critique Polanyi's idea of market-society dualism, historical development dynamics based on general interests, and artificially driven notions of market expansion, this paper reveals the root of the problem in the Double Movement theory. It is found that the fundamental cause of the market de-embedding movement is the expansion of capital, and the essence of the counter-movement is the resistance of the social forces dominated by the proletariat to the capitalist production relations.After clarifying the problem and nature of the Double Movement theory, this paper continues to base on historical materialism, replaces Polanyi's market social contradiction with deeper social contradictions of productive forces and production relations, supplements the main body of the movement with class movement, and reconstructs the " Reciprocal Progress ". The more realistic ideas of the " Reciprocal Progress " movement, proving that the socialist road of the dictatorship of the proletariat can surpass the market economy. Finally, the success or failure experience of the Soviet Union, a socialist country, and the successful practice of contemporary China prove this point. Through a critical reconstruction of the Double Movement theory, historical materialism can not only reflect on the validity of the two-way movement theory as an explanatory framework for social movements. At the same time, the reconstructed concept of " Reciprocal Progress " also reflects the substantive exploration and theoretical update of the criticism of capitalism, promotes the criticism of the declassification social movement under the logic of capital, and provides anti-monopoly policies for contemporary China to prevent the disorderly expansion of capital. and practice to provide reasonable value norms and theoretical support.
