追寻自由是人类历史的永恒主题。作为自由的阿基米德点，实践使自由摆脱了抽象的理论幽思，开显了自由的真蕴。马克思哲学容涵着深刻而辩证的自由逻辑，确证了人类不断克服现实障碍，走向光辉灿烂的自由之路。自由缘起于人的悖论性存在。在生存论视域中，自由与人是同义词，自由是人的现实生命，对自由的探求离不开对人的生存方式的思考。实践规定了人的双重存在本性，人是种生命与类生命、经验与超验、自在与自为的统一体。人永远具有超溢自然本性，走向完满之永恒境界的内在冲动，但人又无法完全从自然本性中抽离出来，在某一时刻真正达到永恒境界。因此，人总是陷入有限与无限的存在悖论。正是在有限与无限不断的平衡与断裂中，自由空间得以开启。自由在现实历史活动中实现。马克思的自由理论脱开旧哲学的巢臼，澄清了自由的三重迷误，通过对自由的形而上学之谜、意识形态之谜和资本之谜予以解蔽，指明要在社会实践中创造自由，以客观物质利益为自由的基础，变革不合理的生产关系。自由不再被认定为上帝的恩典、理性的本性抑或人性的本质，不再被描绘成抽象和普遍的意识形态承诺，也不再被把握为异己世界中猖獗无比的物之力量，自由在改造外部世界和自身的现实历史活动中真正成为现实。自由的本质是被限定的创造。自由的本质在与必然的辩证关系中得以显明。在知性形而上学中自由与必然是抽象对立的，黑格尔的辩证法开创性的超越了自由与必然的抽象对立，但又最终使两者走向无批判的和解。马克思的实践辩证法真正实现了自由与必然的统一：必然通过自我否定发展为自由，自由在必然中实现自身，自由在与必然的永恒张力中不断向更高境界迈进。由此，马克思的自由显现为在实践中不断突破限定条件，克服现实异化，实现自我跃迁的过程。自由以趋向超越境界为旨归。自由的超越性根源于实践的超越性，超越性自由具有绝对性和无限性，体现着对人之生命意义的终极关切。指向崇高理想的超越性自由是应然的存在和开放的可能，它与现实历史之间始终保持着张力。人们通过实践活动不断趋向自由的超越境界，对超越性自由的追求是一个无限的过程。超越性自由不是虚幻的承诺，而是有着现实的实践指向，推动着现实社会批判的发展，改造着人的精神世界。
The pursuit of freedom is the eternal theme of human history. As the Archimedean point of freedom, practice makes freedom get rid of abstract theoretical thoughts and reveals the true connotation of freedom. Marxist philosophy contains a profound and dialectical logic of freedom, which confirms that mankind continues to overcome practical obstacles and move towards a brilliant road of freedom.Freedom originates from the existence of man's paradox. In the perspective of existentialism, freedom is synonymous with man, and freedom is man's real life. The exploration of freedom is inseparable from the thinking of man's way of life. Practice stipulates the dual existential nature of man. Man is a unity of life and quasi life, experience and transcendence, freedom and self action. Man always has the internal impulse to surpass the natural nature and move towards the perfect eternal realm, but man can not completely withdraw from the natural nature and truly reach the eternal realm at a certain time. Therefore, people always fall into the paradox of finite and infinite existence. It is in the constant balance and fracture between finite and infinite that the free space can be opened.Freedom is realized in real and historical activities. Marx's freedom theory breaks away from the nest of old philosophy, clarifies the triple mistakes of freedom, and points out that we should create freedom in social practice, take objective material interests as the basis of freedom and change unreasonable relations of production by solving the metaphysical mystery, ideological mystery and capital mystery of freedom. Freedom is no longer recognized as God's grace, rational nature or the essence of human nature, no longer described as an abstract and universal ideological commitment, and no longer grasped as the rampant power of things in the alien world. Freedom has truly become a reality in the real and historical activities of transforming the external world and itself.The essence of freedom is limited creation. The essence of freedom is revealed in the dialectical relationship between freedom and necessity. In intellectual metaphysics, freedom and necessity are abstract opposites. Hegel's dialectics creatively transcends the abstract opposition between freedom and necessity, but finally makes them move towards non critical reconciliation. Marx's practical dialectics truly realizes the unity of freedom and necessity: necessity develops into freedom through self negation, freedom realizes itself in necessity, and freedom continues to move forward to a higher level in the eternal tension between freedom and necessity. Thus, Marx's freedom appears as a process of constantly breaking through the limited conditions in practice, overcoming the alienation of reality and realizing self transition.Freedom aims to go beyond the realm. The transcendence of freedom is rooted in the transcendence of practice. Transcendental freedom has absoluteness and infinity, which reflects the ultimate concern for the meaning of human life. The transcendental freedom pointing to the lofty ideal is the natural existence and open possibility, and there is always a tension between it and the reality and history. People constantly tend to the transcendental realm of freedom through practical activities, and the pursuit of transcendental freedom is an infinite process. Transcendental freedom is not an illusory commitment, but has a realistic practical direction, which promotes the development of social criticism and transforms people's spiritual world.
