对增设催收非法债务罪保护法益的理解和构成要件的解释，理论和实务上都存在一定的争议。本罪的立法具有合理性，增设本罪不是为了规制高利借贷关系，本罪保护法益不包括财产性利益，保护法益不是经济利益或金融秩序及其衍生品。认为本罪保护法益为社会法益或个人法益单个法益的观点，都存在一定的问题。如果单纯认为本罪的保护法益是社会秩序，那么其构成要件行为与抽象的保护法益之间无法建立实质关联；如果单纯认为本罪的保护法益是个人法益，那么本罪立法必要性存疑，无法实现规范目的。催收非法债务罪的保护法益具有社会法益和个人法益的两个面向，为复合法益。与寻衅滋事罪类似，本罪存在抽象的社会法益与具体的个人法益的双重保护，保护法益之间存在并存和种属关系，现有对催收非法债务罪保护法益的简单理解，不能正确反映本罪的特殊定罪逻辑，须以复合法益观为切入点，对催收非法债务罪的保护法益进行重构，其中个人法益的主要内容是个人的身体安全、人身、意志自由和住宅安宁、生活安宁权，社会法益的主要内容是社会公共秩序。对催收非法债务罪的构成要件的理解要遵从本罪的保护法益和规范目的。立法后实务界因对催收非法债务罪保护法益的理解紊乱造成司法适用的混乱和不当扩张，应当对构成要件进行限缩理解和适用。社会法益与个人法益存在手段与目的的关系，以复合法益观解释催收非法债务罪的构成要件，可以明确刑罚处罚的合理界限。另外，在认定催收非法债务罪时，需要处理好本罪与其他犯罪的竞合关系。

There is some theoretical and practical controversy over the interpretation of the understanding and constituent elements of the legal benefits of the additional collection of illegal debt crimes. The legislation of this crime is reasonable, and the addition of this crime is not intended to regulate usurious lending relations, so the protection of legal interests is not economic interests or financial order and its derivatives. There are certain problems with the view that the protection of the legal interests of this crime is a social legal interest or a single legal interest of the individual legal interests. If it is simply believed that the protective legal interests of this crime are social order, then there is no substantial relationship between the constituent acts and the abstract legal interests of protection; if it is simply considered that the protective legal interests of this crime are personal legal interests, then the legislative necessity of this crime is questionable and the normative purpose cannot be achieved. The protection of legal interests in the crime of collecting illegal debts has two aspects: social legal interests and personal legal interests, which are compound legal interests. Similar to the crime of picking quarrels and provoking trouble, this crime has the dual protection of abstract social legal interests and specific personal legal interests, and there is a coexistence and species relationship between its protection legal interests, and the existing simple understanding of the protection of legal interests in the collection of illegal debts cannot correctly reflect the special conviction logic of this crime, and it is necessary to take the composite legal interest concept as the starting point to reconstruct the legal benefits of the protection of the crime of collecting illegal debts, of which the main content of personal legal interests is the individual's physical safety, personal, freedom of will, and the right to residential tranquility and life tranquility. The main content of social legal benefits is social public order.The understanding of the constituent elements of the crime of collecting illegal debts should be in accordance with the protective legal interests and normative purposes of this crime. Due to the disorderly understanding of the legal benefits of the protection of the crime of collecting illegal debts in the post-legislative practice circles, the judicial application should be confused and improperly expanded, so the constituent elements should be limited to understanding and application. There is a relationship between means and ends between social legal interests and personal legal interests, and the constituent elements of the crime of collecting illegal debts can be explained by using the composite legal interest concept, and the reasonable boundaries of criminal punishment can be clarified. In addition, when determining the crime of collecting illegal debts, it is necessary to properly handle the competitive relationship between this crime and other crimes.